Singapore Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Singapore - Research Paper Example At the end of that period, the economy expound by 7.7%, reducing the level of unemployment to 2.1% and the level of employment being 235,000 (World Trade Organization, 2008, p. 112). The level of inflation, on the other hand, reduced from 4.9% to 3.5% this year. Singapore is one of the richest nations in the world. This has been facilitated by the removal of trade barriers, letting over 99% of the rest of the world to visit the country for trade without imposing a tax on them. This means that it is easy to import and export goods from and to other countries of the world and shows how open the country is. The currency used in Singapore is the Singapore dollar denoted as SD. It is almost equivalent to the US dollar with the exchange rate being 1USD =1.23 SD meaning that it is weaker than the US dollar by 0.23 (Huff, 1997, p. 44). Trade (expressed in billions of USD): Singapore Exports Imports 1975 5.375 8.133 1980 19.376 24.007 1985 22.812 26.285 1990 52.752 60.899 1995 118.268 124.507 1998 109.895 104.719 (International Monetary Fund, 1999) Trade is one the major factors that facilitate the growth of an economy since it earns the country foreign exchange that can be used to develop other sectors of that economy. It involves one country exporting goods that it produces more to avoid wastages and also importing goods that it lacks to avoid shortages. In this, it ensures resources are used appropriately and fully. Singapore’s current export stands at 41,538,700 showing a decrease by about 1,028,330.7 as compared to the previous period (Gerber, 2007, p. 94). Its major exports include: Aircraft and its parts Singapore is ranked number one among the many countries that provide aerospace design, manufacturing services and maintenance. It has all the required equipment to facilitate this, and this has also enabled it to capture a large market in Asia. It has created employment opportunities to the citizens, having over 18,000 employees in this sector. Oil and Gas Singapore is in the top three major traders of oil, and it has become the most important center for shipping in Asia. Oil is being used all over the world, and this is a major source of revenue for the government for different countries (Huff, 1997, p. 64). Since all the countries use oil and gas to run their daily activities, means that they have to purchase it. Singapore being one of the major exporters of oil and gas, it earns a lot, and this helps to improve its economic performance. Computers Computers are very essential in raising the total productivity and in transformation of business processes. Many of the citizens in Singapore have access to computers, and this has greatly contributed to its economy. Some of the computers produced are exported to the other part of the world, earning the country foreign exchange while others are used locally to facilitate or ease production of other products. The total trade value it obtains from export of computers and printers is about 1 2.5 billion (World Trade Organization, 2008, p. 119). Telecommunication Equipment Internet is very useful in the modern world. Many businesses advertise their products online as it is cheap and attracts many customers all over the world. With networking, it is easy to get more ideas on how you can compete globally through improving the quality of your products. Singapore provides the best network in the world and is in the

Senior Phase Teaching Diverse Learners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Senior Phase Teaching Diverse Learners - Essay Example The school preparation for this activity involves providing families with psychological support literature and extending the family into the transitioning process. This type of family-oriented workshop likely understands the difficulties of finding quality work as a disabled person and will rely on patient and tolerant family members to assist in this difficult process. This would appeal to the self-determination theory, by providing family members with information to give the disabled student the guidance necessary to remain self-motivated and focused on the tasks at hand. To assist in this transition, the Australian government also ensures that schools have Interagency Collaboration workshops, which focus on developing a sense of teamwork with community individuals and professionals (learningplace.com.au, 2009). In addition, this module exposes disabled students to various literatures which highlights career options (and other services) after completing the senior phase of schooling. This type of transition module would appeal to the disabled students’ least dangerous assumptions, in terms of choosing a post-phase option which is best suited for their strengths and their limitations. In lieu of evidence which is earned through job experience, the disabled individual must be responsible for making decisions which will provide the least harm in the long-term to their unique, disabled positions. Internally, human resources training is part of the steps taken to ensure disabled students are prepared for post-school options. Adequate teacher training is an â€Å"essential factor in helping students achieve greater self-determination† (Zhang and Stecker, 2001, p.293). Teachers are equipped with modern psychological and sociological theories to develop a program which is most effective for the emotional well-being of the disabled student during this period. Part of the preparation process is to ensure that teachers are equipped with

Advantage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advantage - Research Paper Example John Lewis is a chain of up market stores that exists throughout Great Britain. John Lewis is one of the best known brands in all of Britain, when it comes to the design; the company has what can be described as brand creative teams that consist of 55 people that help achieve differentiation. This paper will describe the differentiation advantages that John Lewis has in the United Kingdom market. The positive attitude that the company has with design started early in the 1960’s and has continued ever since. John Lewis has been able to take differentiation to another level in the United Kingdom by offering differentiation to its clients as an offer-demand axis. The company initially had a problem with differentiating its products from others in the market because it deals with goods that are standardized. However, despite the fact that the products that the company deals with has the same physical appearance as other companies, it has been able to repackage its products and therefore, the products often appear very different in the eyes of the consumers. The above image shows the way in which the company packages its products, this has been described as one of the best way of differentiation in the market and has set the company John Lewis way out of league for its competitors. With this differentiation technique the company has been able effectively lead from the top and therefore, attract a lot of high end customers. The differentiation has also been intangible. John Lewis is known to be a high end store and consequently this has been one of the company’s differentiations from other competitors in the industry. Therefore, in this aspect if can be seen that the differentiation does not come in terms of tangible perception but rather it is the market that the company wishes to get. One can be able to see the value in the brand which sales on itself and therefore, the object of the differentiation at this position can be to attract

Mixed-Ligands Complexes of L-Amino Acid and Ascorbic Acid

Mixed-Ligands Complexes of L-Amino Acid and Ascorbic Acid Electrochemical Studies of Mixed-Ligands Complexes of L-Amino acid and Ascorbic acid by Voltammetric Technique Meena* and O.D. Gupta ABSTRACT Studies of Pb(II) with amino acid L-Serine and Ascorbic acid have been carried out polarographically at pH =7.30 ±0.01,  µ=1.0M KNO3 at 25 °C.Pb(II) formed 1:1:1, 1:1:2 and 1:2:1 complexes with L-Serine and used as primary ligands and L- Ascorbic acid used as secondary ligand.. The values of stability constants (log varied from 2.25 to 11.45 confirm amino acids in combination with L-Ascorbic acid, their complexes could be used against Pb(II) toxicity. The stability constants of mixed ligand complexes have been evaluated by the method of Schaap and McMasters. For the comparison of the simple and mixed-ligands complexes, the mixing constants (Km) and stabilization constants (Ks) have been measured. The positive values of the mixing constants and stabilization constants show that the ternary complexes are more stable than the binary complexes. Keyword: Polarography, Stability Constant, Amino acids, Ascorbic acid, Voltammetric Technique. INTRODUCTION The L-amino acids and their compounds are used in biology, pharmacy, industry and laboratory reagent1-3. They control transamination, decarboxylation and metabolism process in human body. Mixed-ligands complexes of copper glycine with picolinic acid, quinaldinic acid, picolinic acid N-oxide, quinaldinic acid-N-oxide and with o-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol have been carried out by D Prakash and coworkers [4-5]. The study of ternary complexes of different metal ions with amino acids and bicarboxylic acids have been carried out by Chandel et al.[6-9] On the other hand Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is found naturally in a wide variety of plants and animals but not produced in human body and its only source is from diet10, L-Ascorbic acid is important drug used against cancer, scurvy and the risk of bronchitis or wheezing11-13. This drug helps the patient to strengthen the immune system. The person who suffered from AIDS has low concentration of Vitamin-C which is responsible for the form ation of various body components and organs but also keeps in order the immune system14-15. Its deficiency causes anemia, dental cavities and thyroid insufficiency. It forms chelate complexes with transition metal ions16 to produce a five membered ring with the enediol part of the molecule17. Pb(II) content is fixed in human body but whenever the concentration of Pb(II) increases, the human being suffers from severe diseases like cancer of the bladder, breast, intestine, leukemia system and sometimes death can also occur. Ascorbic acid is antioxidant alone and in combination with L-amino acids was found to be effective by increasing urinary elimination of lead. This beneficial role of Ascorbic acid was attributed to form complexes with lead18. Data suggest that some antioxidant can function as chelators and this dual benefit makes them strong candidates for treating lead poisioning19. The present study is related with the formation of binary and ternary complexes of Pb(II) with selected L-amino acids and Ascorbic acid by polarographic technique with the view that these drugs or metal complexes could be used against several severe diseases like cancer, AIDS and also metal toxicity. EXPERIMENTAL All polarograms were recorded on ELICO CL 375 DC Polarograph using a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as the reference electrode and a platinum (Pt) electrode as counter electrode. The capillary had the following characteristics m=1.96 mg/s, t = 4.10 sec/drop and h = 40 cm. The reagents Vitamin C and amino acids were of AR grade and were used as complexing agents. KCl was used as supporting electrolyte to maintain the ionic strength at 1M. Triton X-100 of 0.001% in the final solution has been used as maximum suppressor. The temperature was maintained constant at 303 K. A glass cell is used as electrolytic cell in which all the three electrodes are immersed in test solution. N2 is used to remove the dissolved oxygen. Then increasing voltage was applied to record the current and with the help of the plot between current-voltage (polarogram) the value of E1/2 is calculated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Simple complex systems Before the studies of mixed-ligand, complexes, the formation constants of the complexes of lead with Vitamin C and lead with amino acid L-Serine and were determined by the method of DeFord and Hume25. The results are in good agreement with the literature. The values of formation constants of simple systems are presented in Table 1. The conditions corresponded as closely as possible to those for the mixed system. The half-wave potential of Pb(II) for each series ranged between -0.389 and -0.391 volt v/s SCE. Table 1: Stability constants for simple system Systems log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢1 log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢2 log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢3 Pb(II)-VitaminC 2.25 3.18 Pb(II)-L-Serine 4.59 7.88 10.99 Mixed-Ligands Complex System In all the systems, solution containing 2.5 x 10-3 M Pb(II), 1M KC1 and 0.001% Triton X-100 was used. The concentration of weaker ligand (Vitamin C) was kept constant (0.001M and 0.01M) while varying the concentration of strong ligand (amino acids) in each case. In each case, a single well-defined wave was obtained. The plots of Ede v/s log id-i were linear with a slope of 30 ±2mV, showing that the two electrons reduction was reversible. The direct proportionality of the diffusion current to the mercury column indicated that the reduction was entirely diffusion controlled. A shift in half-wave potential to more negative side with the increase in amino acid concentration was observed. This shift in half-wave potential is greater in the presence of the weaker ligand than its absence. It signified mixed-ligands complex formation. The extended Shaap and McMasters26 treatment was applied and Ledens27 graphical extrapolation method to calculate the values of A, B, C and D. Data of calculation are given in table 2. Table 2: Values of A, B, C and D for Pb(11)-Ascorbic acid- Amino acids systems (Ascorbic acid concentration = 0.01M(fixed) System A B C D Pb(II)-Vitamin C-L-Serine 1.32 5.11 9.56 11.22 Table 3: Values of A, B, C and D for Pb(II)-Ascorbic acid Amino acids systems (Ascorbic acid concentration = 0.001M(fixed) System A B C D Pb(II)-Vitamin C-L-Serine 1.30 4.61 9.56 11.22 The stability constants à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢11 and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢12 were evaluated from the two values of B. From the values of C two values of à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢21 were obtained which are in good agreement with each other. à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢30 is almost equal to D. The results are recorded in table 4 and the results are summarized in the form of schemes 1 and 2 where the numerical values indicate the log of the equilibrium constants. Table 4: Formation Constants of Mixed-Ligands Systems Systems log ÃŽ ²11 log ÃŽ ²12 log ÃŽ ²21 Pb(II)-Vitamin C-L-Serine 6.23 8.88 11.56 It has been observed that as the size of amino acids increased the stability of its complexes decreased20. The stability of L-amino acids complex also depends upon the chelate ring formation and basicities of ligands21. In case of L-serine and L-threonine, the stability of the latter is less than the L-serine complex owing to the fact that electron withdrawing OH group is nearer to L-threoninate complex than L-serinate complex, causing greater repulsive forces between metal and Off group in L ­-threonine complexes than L-serine complexes22. The same is evident from Pka values of L-amino acids23. In case of Vitamin-C, oxygen of enediol group may take part in bond formation with Pb(II), formed a five membered ring24. It is clear from the values of stability constant of the complexes that Vitamin-C and L-amino acids alone or in combination could be used to reduce the toxicity of Pb(II) in-vivo. One also has to consider the quantity of drugs that should not complex to the other essenti al metals present in-vivo and the same could be excreted easily from the body. On the other hand, the person who suffers from AIDS has low concentration of Vitamin-C, therefore his resistance can be increased by ascorbic acid therapy. The mixed ligands complex formation may also be explained with the help of schemes 1. The tendency to add X (X= amino acids) to PbX and PbY (Y=Vitamin C) can be compared. The logarithm values of stability constants of the above complexes are 3.29 and 3.98 for Pb ­-VitaminC-L-Serine. The tendency to add Y to PbX and PbY can also be compared. The log K values are (1.64, 0.93) and (1.47, 0.93) for Pb(II)-Vitamin C-L-Serine. This indicates that the addition of Vitamin C is preferred to Pb(amino acids) as compared to Pb(Vitamin C). The log K values for the addition of X to Pb[XY] and Pb[Y]2 are (5.33, 5.70) and (5.47, 5.58). This indicates that the mixed ligand complexation is favoured. The log K values for the addition of Y to Pb[XY] and Pb[X]2 are (2.65, 3.68) and (2.78, 3.65) for Pb(II)-Vitamin C-L-Serine and. This indicates that addition of VitaminC is preferred to Pb[X]2 over Pb[XY]. For comparing the stabilities of simple and mixed ligand complexes, it is convenient to measure the mixing constants. Km = and the stabilization constants. log Ks = log Km log2 The log Km values are 0.7 and o.49 and log Ks values are 0.398 and 0.188 for Pb(II)-Vitamin C-L-Serine and Pb(II)-Vitamin C-L-Threonine systems respectively. The positive values of mixing and stabilization constants show that the ternary complexes are more stable than the binary complexes. The tendency to form mixed-lingds complexes in solution could be expressed quantitatively in other approach compares the difference in stability (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K), which is the result from the substraction of two constants and must therefore, be a constant. This corresponds to: à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K = Since more coordination positions are available for the bonding of the ligand [A] to a given multivalent metal ion,than for the second ligand [B]. > Usually holds i.e. one expects to observe negative values for à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K. Another more satisfactory, manner is to determine statistical values for à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K. The statistical values for regular octahedron (oh) is 5/12 and à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾log Koh = -0.4. for a squar planer(sp), the value of à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K = -0.6 and for the distorted octahedron (oh), the statistical values i.e. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K = lie between -0.9 to -0.3. The à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K values can be obtained using the following equations: à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K11=log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢11-( log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢10 +log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢01 ) à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K12=log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢12-( log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢10 +log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢02 ) à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K21=log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢21-(log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢20 +log à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢01 ) The observed values of à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K11, à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K12 and à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K21 are -0.61, 1.11 and 1.430 for Pb(II)-Vitamin C-L-Serine. The à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ log K values are higher than statistical values, which again prove that the ternary complexes are more stable than expected from statistical reason. ACTNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to the Head, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur for providing facilities to carry out this research. REFERENCES + Chemistry Department, SKIT, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India-302025 Brosnan J, Nutr. J (2000) 130: 988S. Pisarewicz K, Mora D, Pflueger F, Fields G, Mari F, (2005) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127: 6207. Wu G, Fang Y, Yang S, Lupton J, Turner N (2004) Nutr. J 134: 489. Prakash D, Shafyat M, Jamal A, Gupta AK (2005) Oriental J Chem 21:2. Prakash D, Safayat M, Jamal A, Gupta A K (2005) Oriental J Chem 21:3. Malhotra V, Chandel C P S, (2006) J Ultra Scientist Phy-Sci 18(2): 203-214. Jangid R K, Chandel C P S (2006) Ultra Chemist 2(2): 113-126. Verma M K, Chandel C P S, (2005) Oriental J Chem 21(1): 9-20. Malhotra V and Chandel C P S, (2006) Bull Electrochem 22: 301. Davies M B, Partridge D A and Austine J , Vitamin C: Its Chemistry and Biochemistry, Royal Society of Chemistry, London. (1991) Levine M, Rumsey S C, Wang Y, Park J B, Daruala R (2000) Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Human Nutrition, Philadelphia, W B Saunders, p.541. Roomi M W, Ivanov V, Kalinovsky T, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M (2004) J Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 115. Martha H, Stipanuk W B (2000) Biochemical and physiological Aspects of Human Nutrition, Sounders Company. Fukuda S, (2005) J Curr Med Chem 12:2765. Harakeh S, Jariwalla R (1997)AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 13:237. Davies M B (1992) Polyhedron 11:285-321. Hughes D L (1973) J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 2711. Dhawan M, Kachru D N, Tondon S K, (1998) Arch Toxicol 62: 301-304. Gurer H, Ercal N (2000) Free radical Biol Med 29: 927-945. Kapoor R C, Agarawal B S Principles of polarography (1991) Wiley Eastern Ltd New Delhi 71. Dodke R, Khan F (1993) J Indian Chem Soc 70: 15. Vajhallya S, Khan F (1999) J Indian Chem Soc 76:294. Mrudula Rao B V, Swamy S J, Lingaish P (1985) Indian J Chem 24 : 887. Allen R N, Shukla M K, Leszczynski J (2006) Int J Quant Chem 106:2366. DeFord D, Hume D N (1951) J Am Chem Soc 73:5812. Schaap W B, Mc Master D L (1961) J Am Chem Soc 83: 4699. Lenden I (1941) J Phys Chem 188:160.

The League Of Nations And Its Impact On World Peace Essay examples --

Through my studies and research I have come to the following conclusion about the League of Nations: despite all of President Woodrow Wilson's efforts, the League was doomed to fail. I feel this was so for many reasons, some of which I hope to convey in the following report. From the day when Congress voted on the Fourteen Points, it was obvious that the League had a very slim chance of being passed in Congress, and without all of the World powers, the League had little chance of surviving. On November 11, 1918 an armistice was declared in Europe. Wilson saw the opportunity to form an international organization of peace to be formed. He acted quickly. On January 18, 1919 he released his fourteen points. The Fourteen Points consisted of many things, but the most important was the fourteenth-the establishment of a league of nations to settle international disputes and to keep the peace. After congress had voted, only three of Wilson's fourteen points were accepted without compromise. Six of the others were rejected all together. Fortunately the League was compromised. Wilson then went to Europe to discuss the Treaty of Versailles. Representatives from Italy, France, and Britain didn't want to work with the nations they had defeated. They wanted to hurt them. After much fighting and negotiating, Wilson managed to convince them that a league of nations was not only feasible, it was necessary. The Senate supported most of the Treaty of Versailles but not the League. They thought it would make the U.S.A. too involved in foreign affairs. Wilson saw that the League may not make it through Congress, so he went on the road and gave speeches to sway the public opinion. Unfortunately, Wilson's health, which was already depleted from the negotiations in France, continued to recede. Wilson's battle with his health reached its climax when Wilson had a stroke on his train between speeches. After Wison's stroke, support of the League weakened, both in Congress and in the public's opinion. In 1920 G. Harding, who opposed the League, was elected as president. The League formed but the U.S. never joined. The first meeting of the League was held in Geneva, Switzerland on November 15, 1920 with fourty two nations represented. During twenty-six years the League lived, a total of sixty-three nations were represented at one time or ano... ...to effect its own dissolution, whereupon much of its property and organization were transferred to the United Nations which had resently been founded. Never truly effective as a peace keeping organization, the lasting importance of the League of Nations lies in the fact that it provided the groundwork for the United Nations. This international alliance, formed after World War 2, not only profited by the mistakes of the League but borrowed much of the organizational machinics of the League of Nations. The League of Nations and its impact on world peace John James Mrs. Hippe History March 7, 1996 Bibliography: Mothner, Ira. Woodrow Wilson, Champion of Peace. New York Watts Inc., 1969 Mason, Lorna; Garcia, Jesus; Powell, Frances; Risinger, Fredrick. America's Past and Promise. Boston McDougal Littell, 1995 Albright, Madeleine. "America and the League of Nations, Lessons for Today" Speech United States Department of State 1994 McNally, Rand. Atlas of World History. New York Reed International Books Limited, 1992 Microsoft. "The League of Nations." Excarta 95. 1995

Communication Skills Visual Aids And Personal Grooming Education Essay

In todays modern universe, there are assorted types of societal jobs, such as offense, larceny and equal force per unit area. These societal jobs are largely harmful and convey approximately negative impacts. However, one of the societal jobs – equal force per unit area, may be viewed as a positive force per unit area that motivates pupils to make good in school. Peer force per unit area is defined as a individuals ‘ influence towards another individual ‘s determination by coercing them to make something that they would otherwise would n't make, or coercing them to make something if they did non hold the bravery to make so. However, peer force per unit area can be a strong influence during pupil life when equals are rather of import to a pupil individuality.Main organic structureIn my sentiment, I agree that equal force per unit area is effectual in actuating pupils to make good in school as such that it is good for them. The first ground is, by seting force per un it area on pupils it can assist them force their head set to a higher measure to derive entry into reputable higher instruction institutions/colleges. In today ‘s universe, paper makings are really of import in finding the hereafter of a individual. To hold an added-value, the institute that a pupil is analyzing in or alumnus from is really of import. Peer force per unit area will promote healthy competition between pupils to obtain differentiation classs to be qualified to use for scholarship when they are come ining colleges. Therefore, this leads to the 2nd positive consequence equal force per unit area has on a pupil which is, it serves as a good preparation land for pupil to pull off their resources and program sagely. Besides being academically successful, peer force per unit area besides encourages pupil to fall in school activities. These maintain the pupil from societal ailments while populating a healthy and active life style. Involving in school activities such as e vent, societal assemblage, athletics twenty-four hours and charity work will reflect a good fillip for future occupation application. Besides, physical co-curriculum helps the pupils to remain alert during categories, being able to concentrate and absorb whatever that is being taught. In fact, equal force per unit area is one of the chief incentives for a pupil to pattern doing smart determination and good behaviour in a pupil life. For illustration, see that a pupil who is being surrounded with friends who are endeavoring for good academic consequences. This manner the pupil is pressured to make good academically every bit good as being supported and encouraged by his like-minded equals. This will assist the pupil to do wise determination in his pick of friends in approaching hereafter. Peer force per unit area besides motivates teamwork in the life a pupil. Undertakings and presentations in schools are usually performed in groups. To demo a sense of duty every bit good as being accredited as the best group, a pupil is healthily motivated to make the best in making his/her portion in a group assignment in order to non allow down the group. Socially awkward pupil can larn societal norms from their other classmates to suit into the schooling environment. A positive equal group in school will forestall pupils from prosecuting in harmful or hazardous behaviours by actuating the pupils to be more confident and act as a positive wise man ; puting a good illustration for their other equals to follow. Besides that, a small peer force per unit area can be a tool to actuate pupils to accomplishing great highs. For case, when a weak pupil is fighting with his surveies, his schoolmates can assist by promoting him in every small betterment he makes. This will non merely do the weak pupil feel motivated to analyze, but besides to better his friendly relationship with his friends.Therefore, this equal force per unit area is healthily promoting all the other pupils to emulate the well-bred pupil to avoid from falling into societal ailments. However, parents has a really of import function to play besides because good equal force per unit area must besides depend on the parents on how they control and how they teach their kids with the right manner of making thing alternatively of the incorrect manner such as, call on the carpeting them without listening to their kids account, physically crushing up their kids and much more. With all this sort of negative controlling and learning their kids, this is the clip when negative equal force per unit area comes in and it will finally do the kids lives harder and harder. When this occurs, pupils might non be concentrating good in school, nerve-racking, emotional, and disrespectful. If those negative equal has been interrupts the pupil ‘s head, their attitude would alter and will seek to pick up some bad influences such as smoke, imbibing and besides arising against the authorization. This full negative attitude may take to hapless classs and offense. Student may besides pic k up those bad wonts if they were non treated decently by their parent. Erstwhile pupils have to be pressured to blend with the proper crowd. In this instance, that is where equal groups are besides of import and helpful.DecisionIn my decision, parents must besides give positive equal force per unit area to their kids when they were little. Most of the people think that equal force per unit area is a negative and harmful â€Å" every act has the negative and the positive parts † but when it comes to positive equal force per unit area it is really a good force per unit area. Positive equal force per unit area truly benefits and helps a batch for pupil to be motivated in school and keeps them on path with their friends and surveies. It is besides of import to give a small push of force per unit area to assist them to accomplish their end and success in life for their hereafter and recognizing their end in the hereafter and to cognize how to distinguish the right and the incorre ct.Question 2IntroductionSince the 1890ss, computing machine has become a really utile and popular engineering ; today the computing machine has become a necessity in our modern old ages and computing machines help really much in pupil ‘s surveies and for the working grownup and so on. First of wholly, computing machine games are one of the chief grounds why adolescents and immature kids even grownups likewise are attracted to the computing machine. With modern engineering available now in this century, one can play a computing machine game through the Internet with the populace from far-off states. In my sentiment, I think that computing machine games would impact our life as a college pupil or non depends on the clip allocated for playing and the types of computing machine games played by the peculiar pupil him/herself.AMain organic structureFirst of all, I would wish to explicate the ground of why playing computing machine games will impact our lives as a college pupil. Bas ically, negative dependence towards the computing machine games normally fall to the pupil who does n't cognize how to pull off their clip decently and holding spent most of their clip in playing computing machine games will do them be given to lose their involvement and concentrate in more of import things like their surveies. Most college pupil likes to play computing machine games till midnight and the consequence of playing till midnight can do them to hold deficiency of kiping clip and will diminish their watchfulness and concentration in during categories. A lessening in watchfulness and concentration or focal point at college will impact their academic public presentation. Nowadays game developers are sharply presenting new and more sophisticated games. These games are strategized to light hungriness for triumph or satisfaction in the participant of these computing machine games. Therefore, each triumph fuels another impulse for a new challenge, taking to the college pupil co ntinually spending clip playing computing machine games. Apart from that, there are some computing machine games which are classified as â€Å" violent † or â€Å" aggressive † . These games may hold inauspicious consequence on the computing machine game participants. A pupil may be excessively absorbed into the practical universe computing machine games until they have the inclination of losing control of themselves and go more aggressive, imitating the violent characters in the â€Å" violence-type † computing machine game. Besides that, passing excessively many hours in playing computing machine games and non traveling out with friends will do societal jobs in the life of a college pupil. Some societal ailments are the pupil that is addicted to playing computing machine games will go diffident and introvert. Playing computing machine games does non affect any of the physical activity and the most physical parts are use while playing is merely custodies and fingers. Therefore, playing computing machine games may do the indolence of playing athletics such as football, badminton, and tennis and so on. Sometimes, as college pupils, speedy high-calories bites or debris nutrient which is really unhealthy nutrient becomes the pick of diet/food, because it is instant, delightful and the computing machine gamer can eat while playing computing machine games. This will take to an unhealthy life style and besides fleshiness jobs. After a long treatment of the negativeness of playing computing machine games, I can non wholly disagree that playing computing machine games will impact our life as a college pupil. This is because it besides depends on the assorted types of the games that they play and on how they manage their clip on playing. And now I would wish to explicate the ground why I think playing computing machine games will non impact life as a college pupil. First of all computing machine games has ne'er fail to come out with as a beginning of amusement, loosen uping, let go ofing emphasis for college pupils after a long twenty-four hours of surveies. Some computing machine games might besides develop us to do speedy determination and it besides helps us to believe â€Å" outside the box † and to be more originative. Computer games does non merely promote amusement but accomplishments, for illustration strategic games, the participant must hold the strong sense, planning or thought in order to w in the game such as how to equilibrate the resource, keeping confederations or supporting the metropolis against being onslaught by the oppositions. This may be applicable in a college pupil ‘s ain live, whereby they can larn to equilibrate their clip resources, their surveies resources every bit good as program their perusal agenda good. Besides that, cooperation and strong teamwork are more prevailing in computing machine games than of all time, computing machine games require all the participants to pass on efficaciously with each other in the squad ; for illustration following waies and executing the undertakings expected to the squad to accomplish triumph, whereby much like group presentation in college and so on. Besides that, difference between clip spent on playing computing machine games versus the clip spent in watching telecasting is that watching telecasting is wholly a inactive experience because Television viewing audiences merely turn on and get down to get down whatever is presented on that show. On the other manus, we are more active while playing computing machine games and have to utilize analytical thought accomplishments on work outing jobs. So over clip, the differences between disbursement clip on playing computing machine games to exert our encephalon is much more meaningful than watching telecasting which is merely sitting down. Another ground which is, most of the clip we begin a game at the easiest degree and by degree to level it becomes harder and harder and with our changeless practicing and easy edifice accomplishments, we have the assurance in managing more and more hard challenges. Since we lose nil in failure with playing computing machine games, in that instance, we do non fear that much of doing error and we tend to take more hazards and explore more. Possibly, playing computing machine games is much safer than holding us addicted to drugs, intoxicant and street racing in the existent universe, all this act will do our life much more danger and shorter so.DecisionIn decision, I think that playing computing machine games will non impact our life as a college pupil every bit long as they know how to maintain path of the clip that is spent on playing computing machine games. This is because computing machine games played with wise clip allotment are ways to loosen up our heads after a long twenty-four hours of surveies. Besides, computing machine games can learn us how to pull off our resources sagely, and to advance teamwork every bit good as train us to be more confident in taking hazards. Always remember that passing excessively much clip on computing machine games will impact our life as a pupil and besides will impact our wellness.

Module 3: Drug Essay

Are drug companies that test experimental drugs in foreign countries acting ethically? In my opinion, a lot of people in foreign countries are uneducated and therefore, may not fully understand the risks, complications and side effects of these experimental drugs. If they do not have the means to adequately research the drug prior to testing it, they may end up doing so without fully understanding what potential side effects are involved. I am not sure how well companies educate these foreign countries and or people involved in the case study. If these people are not educated properly than it is unethical for them to test experimental drugs on them. Is American industry at too much risk of lawsuits to remain competitive? Should companies trying to develop drugs be given immunity from lawsuits? The American industry is at risk for lawsuits. I believe people sue now days for almost anything. However, it is not too much of a risk to remain competitive. America is one of the richest countries in the world. I feel China is our biggest competition. We must continue to advance our technology, enhance our products and services and look for new ideas and inventions in order to remain competitive. There will always be a risk of lawsuits but I do not feel is would stop us from being competitive. Companies trying to develop drugs should not be given immunity from lawsuits. I know that by developing and inventing new drugs, companies are trying to remain competitive and find cures or medicines to help people. However, some of the side effects that are related to these drugs are horrendous and can cause permanent damage. I also understand that most side effects are disclosed to people who take these new drugs however; not all side effects are known with these new drugs and some of them can lead to death. It may not be the company’s intention to cause death or some other serious deficiency but it happens and when it does, the individual should have to right to sue for medical related costs and pain and suffering. Is it ethical for companies to decline to sell a useful drug because they can make more money marketing drugs that are more widely needed? Is it ethical for companies to decline to sell a useful drug in a foreign country because they can make more money marketing the drug elsewhere? I personally feel that it is neither ethical nor unethical for a company to decline to sell a useful drug just because they can make more money marketing drugs that are more widely needed. It really is up to the company what drugs they want to sell  however; if a drug is available that will help people and or cure disease, it should be made available and companies should sell it. From a business stand point I can understand why they would want to market only drugs that are more widely needed as it will make them more money however; by offering or selling drugs that are useful, they will eventually gain more recognition and that could lead to a competitive advantage. As for whether or not it is ethical for companies to decline selling a useful drug in a foreign country because they can make more money marketing the drug elsewhere, I am again neither in agreement or disagreement on this one. It is a company’s chose where and to whom they want to sell drugs to. However, in poor countries, people cannot easily afford anything. Companies would have to reduce their price significantly even by selling in bulk. If they sell to China or other countries that can afford the drugs, I am sure they would do so but they also risk losing money. Do companies have an ethical obligation to make drugs available in poor countries at little or no cost? I personally feel that companies do not have an ethical obligation to make drugs available in poor countries at little or no cost. I certainly can understand that people in other countries have it very hard. A lot of people have little or no money and can barely afford to feed their family and or children let alone afford health care and or drugs. However, by making drugs available at little to no cost, people will be able to sell it and use it illegally creating an even bigger problem. People will smuggle it into the United States as they do now with street drugs. It is unfortunate that people with good intentions who will use the drugs and or medication for what it is prescribe for have to suffer because of those people whose intentions are not so good. Those free and or lost cost drugs will be another way for criminals to make money. I do not think it is a good idea nor do I fee l that companies have any type of moral or ethical obligation to do this.