Bureaurcracy Pathologies Essay -- essays research papers

There are many pathologies present in the American bureaucracy and bureaucratic agencies. The major pathologies are red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste. individually of these pathologies had at least some sort of roots in the case of the 9/11/01 terrorist attack. Had these pathologies not been prominent in the pre-9/11 bureaucratic government, it is actually likely that our intelligence communities would not have failed to detect the terrorists.The first and quite possibly the most prominent pathology is known as the red tape pathology. ruby tape results from all of the complex rules and procedures that must be done in order to get anything done. Although these rules and procedures are often necessary to maintain order and to keep open the government running smoothly, they often hinder an agencies ability to carry out necessary action. Such was the case with the terrorist attack on 9/11. For example, the 9/11 Commission Report stated that the combination of a n overwhelming number of priorities and an outmoded structure resulted in an insufficient response to the challenge of terrorism. Also, accessing information on specialized persons posed as a problem. The procedure was very difficult, so if one wanted to investigate the background of a suspicious person, they would have to go by dint of a lot of paperwork and permission would have to come from the government. Thus, due to red tape, agencies such as the FBI had to battle limited intelligence co...

Low Self-Esteem and Eating Disorders Essay -- Health Weight Loss Paper

What is Self-Esteem... Self-esteem has recently been defined by Silverstone as the sense of contentment and self-acceptance that stems from a persons idea of their own worth, significance, attractiveness, competence and ability to satisfy their aspirations (Silverstone 1992). Self-esteem is the degree to which a person values and respects themselves, and is proud of their accomplishments. Self-esteem begins to develop in childhood, that it solidifies and gains momentum during the turbulent and trying years of adolescence. The teenage years tend to be a crucial make it or break it period when it comes to self-assertion because it is at this time that youngsters are searching for an identity. If this process goes awry, the teen is likely to have negative feelings about the self, leading to a low sense of self-assertion. many an(prenominal) recent studies have provided evidence that disruptions in the formation and stability of ones self-esteem can lead to various psychological pro blems, such as eating disorders. argon Low Self-Esteem and Eating Disorders Related?Although it is often thought of as only an anecdotal contention that low selfesteem is a trait of eating disorders (Wilfiams 1993), this incident has been empirically proven time and time again. With the use of various questionnaires and inventories, researchers such as Schupak-Neuberg, Rosen and Button have found that low self-esteem occurs very ordinarily in patients with eating disorders. In some cases, evidence for this relationship is so strong that it is even thought by some researchers that chronic low self-esteem is a necessary prerequisite for disordered eating (Silverstone 1992). A profile of self-concept components that are characteristic of low self-esteem are insec... ...onal Journal of Eating Disorders, Vol. 18, (4), 317-326. March, 1995. Rosen, pack C., Bruce E. Compas, and Barbara Tracy. The relation among stress, psychological symptoms, and eating disorder symptoms A prospective analysis. International Journal of Fating Disorders. Vol. 14, (2), 153-162. 1993. Schupak-Neuberg, Erika, and Carol J. Nemeroff. Disturbances in identity and selfregulation in bulimia nervosa Implications for a metaphorical perspective of Body as Self. International Journal of Eating Disorders. Vol. 13, (4), 335-347. 1993. Silverstone, P.H. Is chronic low self-esteem the cause of eating disorders?. Medical Hypotheses. Vol. 39, 311-315. 1992. Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, and Margarete Voltrath. The self-image of childlike patients with eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders.. Vol. 13, (2), 221-227. 1993.

Initiative Essay -- Education Educational Papers

InitiativeThe aftermath of Proposition 227, form anyy titled the English Language for Immigrant Children Initiative, is as varied as the bilingual teaching methods it replaces. The publicise of how to educate limited English proficient (or LEP) children has become so politicized that the research on the subject is difficult to interpret. However, two aspects that appear to be problematic for all of Californias school districts are the vague language of the initiative (which is now law), and the lack of methodology for the new sheltered immersion programs. The resulting confusion has created a bilingual education system more fragmented than ever.According to the state Department of Education, approximately 1.4 of the 5.5 million school children in the United States are classified ad as LEP. Of those 1.4 million children, eighty percent are Spanish speaking and the remainder identify fifty-three other languages as their primary language (Prop 227 1). front to the passage of propositi on 227, 70 percent of Californias LEP students begetd culture primarily in English, including 31 percent who received specialized instruction in English scarce, 22 percent received specialized instruction in English with some primary language support, and 17 percent receive no specialized services The remaining 30 percent were in traditional bilingual classrooms and received a great deal of instruction in their primary languages (Prop 227 1). It is clear from the variety of services that had been offered (or not) that bilingual education varied greatly in the amount of primary language support that was used. It was also only used to teach approximately 50 percent of the LED student population.The amount of primary language support is t... ...ll Kemper. Sheltered Immersion Contrasts and Controversy. 1-4. Online. Internet. November 14,1998. easy http//coe.sdsu.edu/people/jmora/pages/seivcanadian.html.Proposition 227 English Language in Public Schools. 1-9. Online. internet. Novem ber 15,1998. Available http//www.sen.cagov/ftp/sen/sor/_home/educate/prop227.htm.Puente, Maria, Carol Morello. Bilingual Battle Still Rages In classroom. USA Today. November 13,1998 News 4A. Online. Internet. November 15,1998. Available http//web.lexis- nexis.com/ instauration/doc...23&md5=84077f81fr06bb22396cd3alf8be5ed8.Ramirez, Jaime. Telephone interview. December 1,1998.Terry, Don. Bilingual Education Lives After All. New York Times. October 3, 1998 Section A 7. Online. Internet. November 7,1998. Available http//web.lexis- nexis.com/universe/doc...ae&_md5=11a5d46e28d2958c8088df8df8267172c64.

Bandura & Rotter, Molly Ringwald Character from Breakfast Club Essay

Bandura & Rotter, Molly Ringwald Character from Breakfast ClubThe reinforcement for Clairs behavior was mainly dependent on the approval she received from her popular peer group. She has a notion that she needs to be popular or approved in order to be seen as better in her school. Reinforcement would also be abiding by her parents so she is able to shop with her families wealth. After she had bought something materialistic, it makes her feel good. There was a action of the reinforcement values in this movie. One was, as stated above, to seek approval of her older known peers known to be stuck-up, condescending, and popular. The other is reinforcement of a more positive virtue. This virtue is as stated, thinking independently and making choices in ones life for oneself instead of seeking approval from her snobby peer group. This would help he correct her choices of behavior so they do not become repetitive. At the beginning of the film Clair wasnt to open to the later reinforcement but then discovered it via introspection through group discussion. They discussed peer groups, virginity, suicide attempts, and assaults. Although many of the ways they talked about each other had been derogatory in some way. Clair still introspected. When Clair was confronted about negative evaluations and opinions about herself, she became upset. Her expectancies had been almost the same throughout the movie until her introspection. She would either get upset, denial, switches the blame to person discussing the problem, or rationalized her behavior. An example of rationalizing would be her assuming that Andrew would hypothesize Hi. To Brain in the halls, then Andrew would bash Brian in front of his sporty peers. This means possibility of being categorised as a defensive external. If Clair is a defensive external, then the Social Cognitive Learning Theory would be in hot water. This is because the theory states that tidy sum who indicate that they are controlled by the outside are not suppose to be competitive. This is a hypocritical theory in comparison to the external venue of control. Clair needs to be approved by groups immediately or she feels left out. Therefore, her expectancy in this situation is to be approved by others. This would also be known as social desirability. Clair also jumps in on bashing another person verbally when her peer does it. Thus, her exp... ...ce and a very new love in John Bender.The Defensive behaviors would line up with Rotters defensive external definition associated with Clairs expectancies. The idea of social comparison had been used by Clair and the new group during their circle discussion. They compared each other socially via peer groups and attitudes. Clair did use dehumanization as a tactic in conversation as well. Clair proclaimed herself better then the others solely because of her group and monetary status while calling Brian an academic nerd and John a criminalistic drug burner. The burner honour was a lit tle hypocritical after she had smoked it herself. She used the advantageous comparison method to explain how each of them would treat each other on the Monday after the detention they would be back in school. She discussed how she would do the same thing to Allison as Andrew would hypothetically do to Brian. Use this as an example (Andrew Clair would say Hi. To Brain Allison in the halls, then Andrew would bash Brian in front of his sporty peers stuck-up popular girls.) Lastly, Clair was using displacement, blaming her condescending peer group and parents for her condescending behavior.

Comparing Barry Lopezs A Presentation of Whales and Scott Russell Sand

Comparing Barry Lopezs A Presentation of Whales and Scott Russell Sanders BuckeyeWas it just a coincidence that I had my firsttelevised conform to with sperm whales only a day after I read Barry Lopezs essay, A Presentation of Whales? Was my strong spiritual response to Scott Russell Sanders Buckeye a sign that I, too, will feel the ghostly presences of my beloved kindred when they leave this world? No focussing I am not a mystic. I am not supernaturally connected to sperm whales or spirits, but I will admit that I entertained big-chested thoughts while reading both essays. Not only did I stare at the professional headshots of the writers before I read their essays I adored them and empathized with their visions. possibly nature writers are advantaged they can be scientific and not be perceived as being such by non-scientific readers. After all, the word nature generates images of the earth and all of its sensory treasures, whereas science generates images of laboratory coats, long calculations, laborious extractions, and obscure words like genome, polypeptide and spermatozoa. Nature writers are free to incorporate motley genres in their writing, which interests a broad population of readers. Readers are attracted to writing styles that reinforce their subjective perceptions of themselves and the world. A readers opinion does not necessarily indicate the success or failure of a writer, but rather the state of mind of the reader when she approaches the piece. This is also how we approach people and events in our lives. We are animals, and therefore we must rent with nature. While Barry Lopez and Scott Russell Sanders have a keen sense of the innate connection between animals and landscapes, ... ...arent scientific or historical, they are still objects in his immediate landscape. Alone, they are solitary objects, but together they establish a story of human life. Curiosity and neediness attract humans to philosophy, in a similar way that they attract humans to religious dogma, cults and magic. Fortunately, nature narratives draw on human interests in various disciplines without simultaneously wreaking havoc on society. Writing helps us create and understand ideas. Personal values and scientific information are often used interchangeably by Barry Lopez and Scott Russell Sanders. Unless the reader is indifferent, both writers prove they are receptive of illustrating essential elements of the human experience in both public and private moments. As readers, we are bonded to Lopez and Sanders because of our role in the innate chaos of human interaction.

The Changing Role of Women in Automobile Advertisements Essay -- Compa

Side-by-side are two advertisements, each showing a picture of a car and two family members. The ads wrangle the amount of power allotted to women in the times they were made. The differences in these ads far outweigh the similarities. The ad from a 1954 beloved Ho habitkeeping shows a char organism reprimanded by her husband for wrecking their car. The otherfrom a 2003 Redbookshows a wife and mother holding her daughter with one hand and an umbrella with the other. One woman is ignorant, irresponsible, incapable, and not in pick up the other is competent, responsible, and in control. The evolution of advertising reflects the changes that have taken place in the way American society views women. The ads use consistency image, body language, and text to encapsulate the stereotypical women of each era in the 50s, women needed to be controlled, but now women can be in control.The 1954 ad portrays the ideal woman of that era. This ideal was incredibly unrealistic. She has a tiny waist but large birthing hips. Her feet are small and shes eating away super-high heels. Her hold are petite and feminine, yet shes not holding anythingher purse has fallen to the ground. But, not a hair is out of place, and the elegant skirt and top she is wearing look unharmed, putting even more emphasis on the fact that the man is wearing the pants. The 1950s society viewed women as incompetent. They needed their husbands to be in control because they could not fend for themselves when they tried, they crumpled fenders. Still, the woman in the ad is the ideal womanBarbie. She is only good for looking pretty and having children, otherwise, she cant do anything right. No ask she is not able to drive the car without wreckingthat in... ...rn society sees women as real people with intellect. Instead of not being allowed or perceived as capable of controlling their own lives and situation, todays women are expected to control their own lives without interference or co nstant dependence on others, or more specifically, their husbands. These advertisements try just what a drastic change has taken place in the last fifty years. Even though both ads are about cars, the body image, body language, and text portray a striking difference in the view of women. Maybe this change was brought about by the Womens Liberation Movement, maybe such(prenominal) subjugation just cannot last forever. But whatever the cause, the change has definitely taken place. Works Cited Dodge Caravan. Advertisement. Redbook June 2003 75. Safety Power Steering by Saginaw. Advertisement. Good Houskeeping Feb. 1954 40.

May Fourth Movement

mainland China is moving into the modern world with such speed that it is understandable that there are inevitable duration warps. But such anomalies point to the transcendent questions of what China is and where is china going. These questions are crucial to us because in the twenty first century China is a significant player in world affairs if we hope to deal intelligently with China and its people we must understand their past and present. Revolution was cardinal of the most important problems facing individual Chinese and China as a country.Focusing on the sweet Culture/May Fourth ride (1915-1923) and how its salient features, dominant themes were to influence successive generations of educate Chinese. Beneath the surface during the decade of military struggle China was stirring. A new generation, who had still been acquisition of their letter when the Empire disappeared, was coming of age. Their experience of the politics of their elders was uninspiring. They were ready for new loyalties and new ideas. The centre of new thought was Beijing University.It was base on the Tong pilar cyst Guan, which had been transformed into a university by the 1898 reformers and it was only one of their reforms to survive. In 1916 the liberal scholar Cai Yuanpei had become its president. He encouraged debate and built staff representing each shade of opinion. While Chinas own culture remained the foundation of education it was studied comminutedly. Typical was the work of Gu Jiegang, the materialization historian who employ to the classics the methods he has already used in his studies of the colloquial drama, treating the classics as accretions of tradition.The most influential writer at Beijing was Chen Duxiu. In his journal vernal Youth he encouraged his contri stillors in an open minded search for radical solutions to the body politics problems. He preached science and democracy as the tush of renewed national strength. He launched a head on sharpshoot on Confucianism, dismissing it as irrelevant to the modern world. Above all, he brusquely brush aside the central dilemma which faced china, the choice between preserving her culture and preserving her existence as a nation.In an essay which persuaded new way called New yr 1916, Chen Duxiu rhapsodized The epoch in which you are living, what epoch is this?.. To live in the present world, you must raise your head and proudly call yourself a person of the 20th century and not confine yourself to the following the 19th. For evolution of human civilization is replacing the old with the new, like a river flowing on, an arrowing flying away, ever continuing and constantly changing. (pg. 208) An another(prenominal) example from, Hsu (2002) suggest Chen Duxiu called for the destruction of conservatism in order to make room for constructing a new culture.We and then do not know which of our traditional institutions may be fit for survival in the modern world. I would rather see the ruin of our traditional national quintessence than project our race of the present and future extinguished because of its unfitness for survival. The world continually progresses and leave alone not stop. All those who cannot diverge themselves and keep pace with it are unfit for survival and will be eliminated by the processes of natural selection. Therefore, what is the good of conservatism (pg. 498).Chen Duixus bold attack on traditionalism opened up a new vista in the musty intellectual world, and quickly won him an enthusiastic following the educated youth. A third young member of the Beijing staff was Hu shi recently returned from America. He had studied first under liberty bailey at Cornell, then at Columbia under the philosopher John Dewey, whose central tenet, that truth as we can know it is no more than inductively verified prescriptions for change, was an idea whose relevance to china seems real obvious to the new generation.Deweys pragmatism gave Chen Duxius appeal for op en-minded, radical thought a philosophical foundation. The spark which lit this tinder came as usual from a threat to Chinas integrity. Chinas main object in joining the Allies in the First military man War was that, Germany were defeated, German privileges in Shandong province would be abolished. This had been promised, exactly at the same time the Allies had, in contradiction, agreed that Japan should inherit these privileges. As Japan had the power to assert her claims and China had not, the peacemakers of Versailles had only Hobsons choice as to which promise they would keep.By the spring of 1919 the situation was known in China but the government of Duan Qirui had already gladly concurred a phrase which became notorious in Japans claims and left the Chinese delegation at Versailles without instructions. On 4 May 1919, 3000 students from Beijing University and various other institutions held a protest march. Their example touched off national movement demonstrations, strikes of workers and a boycott of Japanese goods. The government responded by repression. The merchant community organized a run on the banks, and the government gave in. China did not sign the peace treaty.The Shanghai schoolchild Union issued the following rationale for their actions Throughout the world, like the voice of a prophet, has gone the word of Woodrow Wilson, strengthening the weak and giving courage to the struggling. And the Chinese earn listened, and they too have heard. They have been told that in the dispensation which is to be made after the war, unmilitaristic nations like China would have an opportunity to develop their culture, their industry, their civilization unhampered. They have been told that secret covenants and forced agreements would not be recognized.They looked for the dawn of this new era but no sun rose foe China. Even the cradle of the nation was stolen. (pg. 7) Ten thousand attempted to march in a demonstration in the city on May 7. The Shanghai Stu dent Union launched a boycott against the Japanese goods. Students sent from Beijing reported on government repression in the capital and further fired up the anger of Shanghainese. Whereas the Beijing zymosis had continued to centre on teachers and students, in Shanghai by late May the nationalistic, fever had spread to businessmen, merchants and labourers. This was the May Fourth Movement.It predicated changes which had until then been only potential. A united front of intellectuals, merchants, and workers had defeated the government in defence of national interests. This was, its participants felt, democracy in action, successful in the streets while in parliament the nations representatives had been bribed into acquiescence in treachery. The youth of the nation, in colleges and schools in all major cities, threw itself into politics, confident in the ability to lead ordinary citizens. They opened workers iniquity schools, wrote and published popular newspapers, and created tra de unions.They joined the Guomindang in such numbers that for the first time its membership in China exceeded its membership in the foreign Chinese communities. so far the effects of the May Fourth Movement were the greatest in the cultural sphere. For some years a few individual intellectuals had argued that the holy form of written Chinese, hitherto used for all serious writings, should be replaced by the more colloquial written form, whose use in the past had in the first place confined to the popular literature of novels and plays. Of the literate population of China only a small minority could read classical form with ease.If the new ideas which the radicals sought-after(a) to propagate in China were expressed in colloquial form they would reach a wider, and a non-elite audience. Until the resistance in 1919 this change had been all but universal. Now, suddenly the literary renewal was accomplished almost overnight, at least as remote as the new generation were concerned. From then on they wrote roughly politics, economics, and philosophy, they wrote poetry, and they expressed their new passions for the nationalism and socialism, in baihua plain language. The use of baihua became the shibboleth of radicalism.This was the change almost significant for the democratization of culture as the replacement of Latin in Europe by the vernacular languages after the resistance. Confucianism was rejected by the new generation, but, as in any revolutionary change in thought, the rejection was far from complete. In the first place the Confucian classics were still the vehicle by which children were taught to read and write while the new generation might repudiate Confucianism as a guide to action in the modern world they were still too devoted to their cultural heritage to relinquish the classics as the basis of education.In the second place it is easier to repudiate a system of ideas intellectually than to change doings accordingly even now Confucian attitude s strongly influence behaviour in China hierarchy and patron-client relationships, face savings, family solidary avoidance of conflict, are still dominant characteristics of Chinese society. However, the intellectual dominance of Confucianism ceased. Before 1917 socialist ideas had little influence. socialism as a reaction to the problems of modern industrial society did not seem relevant to China, whose problems arose from the absence of industry.Only when in 1917 a socialist revolution occurred in Russia, a country sufficiently backward to be comparable to China, was the question of the relevance of socialism to China raised. Before then, while there existed in China the vague distaste for the idea of capitalism usual in premodern countries, the strongest revolutionary feeling was directed not against capitalism imported from the west but against Chinas own authrian social system, which was based on familial authority.It is not surprising therefore that, before 1919, anarchism wa s more popular than socialism among the young radicals. Chinas anarchist movement had begun among Chinese students in France. There, during the First World War, a small group of anarchists published a journal called New Society. In Japan another group published Natural Justice. Two other students, Li Shizeng and Zhou Fuhai, translated Kropotkins mutual aid, and other anarchist works were also translated.The main anarchist organisation was a society for the promotion of virtue, which attracted some early members of the nationalist party, including the left wing loss leader Wang Jingwie. Its decline was a rapid as it was rise, however and by 1919 most of the influence was spent of the young anarchist only one, Zhou Fuhai, joined the communistic party, and he soon left. The leash other leading spirits of Chinese anarchism moved indeed to the right as they grew older, and eventually became elder statement of the Guomindang. until now the fact that there is no continuity of persons to be discerned between the anarchist and the communist phases of the rebellion of Chinese youth does not necessarily mean that anarchist ideas played a role in the history of Chinese communism. Anarchist ideas profoundly influenced the mass line policies of Mao Zedong and in so far as anarchism versus authoritarism echoes the ancient Chinese Daoist Legalist polarity, the contrast can never be far from the subconscious, if not the conscious, thought of Chinese social theorists.Regardless of these different viewpoints, the fact carcass that the May Fourth Movement was essentially a socio-politico-intellectual revolution aimed at achieving national independence, individual emancipation, and creation of a new culture through critical and scientific re-velation of the national heritage and selected acceptance of foreign civilization. Leaders of the movement regarded a radical change in the thought base as a prerequisite to successful modernisation and national regeneration.Old ethics, cu stoms, literature, social relations and economic and political institutions came under disparaging attack to make way for the new. Yet a new culture was slow to emerge. The New may Fourth Movement had been far more effective at destroying the past than at constructing the future. Nonetheless, three main achievements are disputable. First, the literatury revolution led to the establishment of the Plain Language in 1920 and the rise of a new literature in vernacular style- based on humanitarianism, romanticism, realism, and nationalism.Literature now assumed a didactic role of instilling social consciousness in the public- from literary revolution to revolutionary literature. Second, the influx of diverse foreign ideas and ideologies caused the emergence of two opposing views on social reconstruction and national regeneration the pragmatic, evolutionary method expounded by Hu Shih and pater partially certain by the Nationalist party and the Marxist revolutionary approach adopted by t he Chinese Communist Party. The ontemporary history of China from 1921 onward is primarily a story of the struggle between these two parties and their different approaches. Third, the intensification of nationalism stimulated the rise of a Young China, extremely sensitive to its perilous position in the modern world and jealous of guiding its own destiny. Such an attitude generated psychological reconstruction and national confidence which partially compensated for sense of want and inferiority that had built up over the decades.The result was a violent reaction against foreign imperialism and an intense drive to end the unequal treaties. Yet, in the historic perspective, for all its bombastic characteristics, the intellectual revolution succeed primarily in introducing Western thought and destroying Chinese traditionalism, rather than creating new systems of though and new schools of philosophy. The confirm purpose of forging a new culture through critical re-evaluation of Chinese and Western civilizations stirred up a series of debates and polemics without really creating a new culture as such.Nonetheless, a foundation had been laid to adapt foreign ideas and institutions creatively to the Chinese situation. Whether by the evolutionary or revolutionary route, the eventual(prenominal) goal remained the same national salvation through the creation of a New China-thoroughly modernized, yet distinctly Chinese. Overall, successive generations have been influenced by these past themes which will take China into the future.

Problems Encountered in Ojt in Hotel and Restaurant

Research title for hotel and eatery management PERCEPTION OF CUSTOMERS ON THE QUALITY OF viands SERVICES OFFERED BY SELECTED RESTAURANTThe researcher choose bar and grill as a aliment service establishment that they will use in determining. The service quality it provides because many of the restaurant found in Bulacan is bar and grill. The service quality of some of the bar and grill restaurants found in Bulacan has been notice to be poor and unsatisfying to other clients. The causes must be found on the remedial measures may be make.The researcher will use the SERVQUAL prick developed by Mr. Eduardo Castro of College of Engineering in Bulacan state University.THE CURRENT BUSINESS STATUS OF THE RECOVERY ROOM RESTAURANT AND BAR AN ASSESSMENTThis study centered on the analysis of the flow rate business status of the recovery elbow room restaurant and bar. It is primarily to develop innovative management policies and new marketing strategies that should be done and implement t o improve the operations management of the establishment.This also aime to improve the current business status of the recovery room restaurant and bar to achieve customer loyalty, to achieve total customer satisfaction, to boost productivity among their employees, to assume financial stability and to boost sales and beat the competitions. The respondents of the are the recovery room restaurant and bar top management level, personnel and customers. THE ACCEPTABILITY OF DOUGHNUT ON A STICK AS A HEALTHY STREET FOOD OPTIONThe focus of the study was to determine the acceptability of donut on a stick as a healthy-street food option.The respondents of the study were the students of all school level handle nursery, elementary, highschool and college. The selection was done at random basis. Other respondents were passers by that includes parents, instructors or professor and other individual that were not classified as students to assure how effective and efficient the study was the respo ndents were also the customers who bought the doughnuts from 1000 in the morning up to 500 in the afternoon which was important in evaluating the product.ASSESSMENT OF TRAINEES COMPETENCIES This study focused on the local procreation fifty students trainees of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management at Bulacan State University. The aspect to be studied was limited to the competencies of the trainees during their local on the job training. The respondents of the study were fifty students from Hotel and Restaurant Management course at Bulacan State University, City of Malolos, Bulacan batch 2010-2011 who concord undergone local training. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL SKILLS AND MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES OF HRM AND NON-HRM GRADUATES EMPLOYED IN SELECTED HOTELS IN BULACANThe study evaluated the technical skills and management competencies of HRM and NON-HRM graduates employed in selected hotel in Bulacan. It examined the hail of training that should be provided i n college and industry. The study attempted to learn the responsibility of the school in equipping their students with skill-building opportuinities so their students can compete effectively in the hospitality industry.Problems Encountered By The Hotel And Restaurant Management Practicums In Their On-the-Job-Training Customer Service One of the main issues that management has to face in the hotel and restaurant industry is relations with difficult customers. Dealing with these customers takes patience, finesse, and knowing what steps are possible for management to take. A manager usually has the power to provide a free meal, entree, or even to comp a room for a night for a guest when there is a difficult problem.The manager has to know what is appropriate given the current situation. For example, a customer who finds glass in their food expects that meal to be replaced and to be free. A person may also expect a hotel room to be free for at least one night if there was a problem wit h the rooms plumbing, the reservation or something similar. It is the job of the manager to placate the person correctly and solve the problem without giving too many free items away. Maintenance problems Maintenance problems can often arise with hotel and restaurant management.On the job training in a practicum situation may see an issue arise with the plumbing or there may be other issues with regards to maintenance. One would sacrifice to figure out how to solve the issue appropriately and quickly to ensure no loss of customers and minimal after effects. * Food and timing The timing of food being ordered and delivered to the table can be a problem that comes up in a practicum because restaurants get busy and the chefs have to keep up. When they do not, or if food arrives at the table cold, a manager has to solve the issue with the employees and placate the customer.

With Close Reference to their recent releases, compare how Britney Spears and Sum 41 are marketed

Like all artists, Britney Spears and nucleus 41 belong to a record company. Here 3 departments look after them the artificer and Repertoire, Marketing and Production. The Artist and Repertoire( a+r) are responsible for signing the artist. The marketing department are responsible for advertizing the artist. The production company are responsible for organizing recording and songs for release. practical ways the Marketing department can use the Media for advertising include television, radio, posters. They also use a subtle way of using the artist themselves. Britney belongs to Zomba Records and inwardness 41 belong to Britney has matured as artist over the years. At the beginning, she was a schoolgirl. This was reflected in her video Hit Me Baby One More metre She was dressed in school uniform. Although attracting pre teens as her primary audience, she was attracting young men (15-20). She has maintained her primary audience throughout her career and as my analysis go out tell y ou, increased her secondary audience.Following a break from her career to make a film Crossroads, she re-launched her career as an adult, moving remote from school uniform. Her album release Britney opened new doors for Britney and new fans. Her album cover featured her sitting on a stool, crouching forward. With the low cut fade she was wearing, this position revealed quite a lot of Britneys chest area. She held wrists facing the camera. This suggests she was flirting with men. She was wearing a crucifix necklace, which suggests she is trying to maintain her virginal reputation that she previously had. Heavy Eye-Makeup is worn, similar to that of Brigitte Bardot, a 60s icon. This attracts men as she is shown to take pride in her appearance. Her hair is tousled over her chest, hinting that she isnt as clean cut as previously thought. The back cover is featuring Britneys face repeatedly reflected over the cover. This gives the effect that she is everywhere. The eye makeup is still worn. Yellow lights are shown, possibly to reflect circumspection on to Britney.Previously, Britney modelled for Sketchers Footwear Company. She featured in a poster that was completely opposite to the image given in the album cover. Her she appeared normal, down to earth. As this was an ingathering to young girls, she worn clothes they could relate to, jacket, jeans and the trainers she was advertising. She still wore makeup but not as much as she wore in the album cover shoot.Sum 41s image is completely different to Britneys. Their album features a more personal touch with what appears to be handwritten track lists and Polaroid photos. This makes the audience feel as though the album has been made for them personally. Dark colours are used, this reflects the bands image of a hard rock band. Sum 41s image has not changed as much as Britneys.In conclusion, Britney is marketed more two audiences where Sum 41 appear to be marketed for the same type which is skaters and rock fans. B ritney appears to be more interested in her fans, maculation Sum 41 arent really bothered what anyone thinks and are more concerned making music and having fun. Finally, record companies are responsible for the artists image. Record companies use media for advertising and will have too as the public opinion of artists change when the media portrayal of them changes.

Analyze Donne’s Duplicity as a Lover in His Poems Essay

John Donne is not only the greatest love poet of his time, but also surpasses the limitation of times. Donnes greatness as a love-poet arises from the fact that his poetry covers a wider range of emotions. He was the first English poet to challenge and break the supremacy of Petrarchan tradition. Though at times he adopts the Petrarchan devices, until now his imagery and rhythm, texture and color of his love poetry is different. There be three distinct strains of his love poetry Cynical, Platonic and Conjugal love. The cheerfulness cost increase is one of Donnes popular and widely read love poems. It is love poem of an unusual kind. In this poem the poet sports fan reprimands the Sun and calls it names for upset love making. Here as a lover Donne exaggerates his love and his beloved so much that it overlaps the Petrarchan love poetry also.He addresses the Sun as absorb old fool. He calls it unruly because, by peeping in to the bedroom through windows and curtains it disturbs the lovers. The poet-lover tells the Sun that lovers seasons do not run to its motions. He advises the Sun to go and do such routine and dull jobs like chiding late-schoolboys and apprentices, waking up court-huntsmen and peasants. Love knows no season, no climates. It is not affected by time. The poets wit is so clear when he tells the Sun that he has no reason to think that his beams are so idealistic and strong. The poet lover could overtop and could the beams of the Sun with a wink. He does not do so because he does not wish to loose her right so long.He says Thy beams so rever displace and strongWhy shouldst thou think?I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink.But that I would not lose her sight so long.The poet-lover knows that the Sun would go to the other half of the world and come to that place at this time tomorrow. The poet-lover asks the Sun to go round the world, see all Kings, come fend for tomorrow and say if both the Indias of spice and mine . He says to leave th em alone and to let them love. Again, he says, his beloved is represents the whole world, East Indies and the westernmost indies because of her sweet fragrance and her glitter. Here Donne uses highly hyperbolical words for her beloved. He says again that his beloved is all the states and he is the prince of this state, nothing else matter to him, and nothing else exist for him, drop he and his beloved. She is all the state, and all princes I Nothing else is.Furthermore, compared to their love all honours mimick, all wealth alchemy. In the latter imagery there is an allusion to the medieval belief in the powers of magic etc. In this particular poem Donnes praise for his beloved reaches at the height that is incomparable to nothing. However, we bob up the opposite side of the coin in the poem namely Go and Catch a Falling Star. Here we scrape up Donnes craft as a lover. In The Sun Rising we find Donne passionate and sensuous as a lover, but in Go and Catch a Falling Star he is v ery much cynical as a lover. He does not believe in true love. We find Donnes misogynistic attitude here. The poem starts by challenging to dupe a falling star. The falling star can signify something bright and beautiful that has come to an end and how difficult it is hold on to this goodness for ever.It also suggests trying and making a wish and seeing if it comes true. In fact it is as difficult to catch a falling star as it is to get with child a mandrake root which shows the stark contrast of getting a child which is something stark and joyous to a mandrake root which is used in witchcraft to wish remainder on someone. Again the contrast of living and the positive is contrasted with death and negativity. Donne here presents many impossible tasks and says to find a true woman is as impossible as the tasks are. He says it is impossible to remember the past years, to discover the mermaid song, and to find the person who clove the Devils foot. According to Donne, it is impossibl e to find a loyal and chaste woman. The poet, through irony and exaggeration suggests the impossibleness of the undertaking to discover a true and fair woman. According to him And swearNo whereLives a woman true, and fair.He believes fair women will have lovers and hence it is not possible for them to be faithful to any of them. If anyone ever found thenThough she were true when you met her,And last till you write your letter,Yet she leave behind beFalse, ere I come, to two, or three.To him to find a true and fair woman is not a herculean task rather it is impossible. Here we find the duplicity of Donne. He is here misogynist and believes true love cannot be found because of womens fickleness. Women are inconsistent and for that reason true love cannot be found, as a woman use to love so many suitors. He criticizes the women race and spares no words to ridicule them. Here his misogynistic attitude shows that he has very little respect for love. In The Sun Rising we find him as a pu re lover, who believes in solely love.He praises his beloved and the rigid her with the Olympian goddesses. He same Donne in Go and Catch a Falling Star shows abominable attitude towards love and towards women race. He skeptically believes that women are neither deities nor fully honest they possess all the human shortcomings. Thus Donnes attitude towards women is materialistic, pessimistic, and occasionally misogynistic. This contradictory attitude as a lover makes him unique.Donnes love poems are rich with various mood and attitudes. Two opposite sides as a lover is found in this both poems. In one poem he exaggerates his beloved and worshipped her, on the other poem he says women race is perverted race. Two contradictory ideas are attached by the same poet. One poem is full of passion and the other is full of abhorrence.

Boiler Room

Boiler Room Boiler room is a story about a college dropout name of Seth. He likes the feeling of earning fast money, therefore he decided to quit school and start an underground casino in his apartment with a few of his friends. However, his start, who is a federal judge, finds out about the casino. His father then commends him to close down the casino and search for a real job. Seth wants to regain respect and approval from his father, and fortunately he got introduce to a stockbroker company J. T. Marlin.Seth has a great talent in this job and he runs the best trainee in the firm. He works under the senior brokers, and startle to adapt to the Always be closing philosophy, which means he never take no as the answer and will keep convincing the customers until he objective is reached. Very soon, Seth becoming a successful broker and neglect all the unethical issues he is committing. He not only sells stocks to the fecund whales, he also drags the poor workers that can barely affo rd a new house into the scam.Unfortunately, Seth discovers the truth about the numerous stocks sold by the firm and realizes J. T. Marlin is a boiler room that sells non-profitable stocks. And start to realize that all these times he is forcing customers to buy something that they dont want or cannot afford. there are quite a few of unethical dilemmas throughout the movie. First of all, Seth and his firm are selling non-profitable stocks to rich people that are arouse in high return investment. Moreover, J. T.Marlin teaches their employees to tell untrue statement about the stock and the company in crop to attract the clients interest toward the stocks. The drug that helps infants to violate is one of the examples they mention in the movie. Also, at the middle of the movie, once the brokers see the rip increase, they will probe to push the customers even harder in order to view a fortune for themselves. Furthermore, the more skillful Seth becomes, the more we can see Seth is u sing different powerful persuasive techniques in order to catch the attention of the clients.On the other hand, it is very unethical for Seth to drag the poor people into buy stock that will never be profitable, because they are selling stock for companies that dont exist. However, there is still an ethical side of Seth. For example, he tries to protect his father from losing his job due to try to help Seth from trying to get back J. T. Marlin. He also agrees to work with the FBI to raid J. T. Marlin so that no more victims will fall into their scams. And some of all he helps Harry, the poor investor, to get his life saving back in the end. So it is nice to see Seth changes his mind and try to become clean in the end.

Hindenburg Disaster

On May 6th, 1937, a Zeppelin line of descentship of Ger some(prenominal) called the Hindenburg set off for its get-go North Atlantic crossing. It was to land on Naval Air Station base in Lakehurst, New Jersey barely fate had a distinguishable plan for the Hindenburg and its passengers. At 720, reporters and crowds gathered around to see the sky-beauty land in her ap come ined spot, but at 723 screams were heard and the phone of a firework shooting up. To the crowds amazement, they saw a puny, orange flame forming at the roll in the hay end of the airship. The fire started at the expire tail fin or so it has been reported by eye witnesses of this horrific disaster.The designer of the Hindenburg had law enforcements give the witnesses a blueprint of the airship so they could illustrate where they seen the small flame and how they saw the fire spread across the dirigible. When everything was said and done and they reviewed the blueprints that were collected non one was identica l to the one earlier or after it. Some saw a flash, some saw a glister, and some saw an explosion. The cause, to this day, has been unknown. There are theories floating around such as static electricity from the on coming thunderstorm, a small lighting bolt, a leak of atomic number 1, conspiracy, and m all others that have no backing agents.In the pastime sections I will have hoped to help you make you decision on what the real cause of this tragic event was and in detail explained what I imply happened and why with a scientific explanation. First, what was the structure of the Hindenburg made of? The skeleton was made of an atomic number 13 structure. The blimps design was 15 main rings made of aluminium reservation the central frame. Then the remaining frame was welted to those 15 rings then covered with non flame-retardant cotton. Then the cotton itself was createed. It was create with cellulose acetate butyrate and aluminum powder, both(prenominal) of which can be co mbustible alone.Aluminum powder can be explosive or flammable if mixed with air, it is used in liquid and solid arise fuels, and used in thermite, which is an incendiary. It likewise burns and orange-red depending on other elements being pre move at point of ignition. The cellulose acetate butyrate is combustible and used in casual items such as hairbrushes. Thought it was painted with the same substance throughout it was non painted with the same amount of coats throughout. The top had more layers of mountain paint to sustain from lighting strikes and the bottom was painted with a top coat of reflection dope paint to fool the people below.Inside the Hindenburg, there were 16 hired gun filled pockets. These pockets were filled with hydrogen instead of helium because it is less dense than Helium. (Side note The fact that hydrogen is less dense than helium is proven because of Avogadro. He stated that if you have two different gases at the same pressure and the same temperature then they would have the same amount of particles. But then that would engineer to say that one mol of helium has a mass of 4 grams and one mol of hydrogen has a mass of 2 grams. The pockets or gasbags were lined with goldbeaters scratch, a thin membrane taken from cattle intestines. The Hindenburg as a whole was almost the size of the Titanic. There are many theories to what caused the Hindenburg fire. Suggestions such as the pain caught fire from a spark that came off the rope being deployed at the landing destination, or the hydrogen being released had caught a spark or a lightning bolt, a Nazi soldier set the airship on fire, or a witness from below shot the tail end of the dirigible make it to catch fire.Though these theories have been backed by countless number of causal agencyings and facts no one scientist can to the full prove the cause of the fire. There is one theory that could have been but more than likely it did not. The theory of conspiracy. Though it is align that a handgun was prime in the remains of the Hindenburg, it is not a plausible answer to the massive disaster. It is said that a Nazi purposefully shot one of the hydrogen bags objet dart walking the axis of the airship. Considering the Hindenburg was an anti-Nazi dirigible and even its creator did not support Hitler and his rampage, it is not a creditable theory.Though it is a food for thought, the conspiracy theory has no backing or relative cause of purpose. Addison Bain, for example, tried to show that the thermite paint caused a reaction. In his paper he went on to say that a spark from the engine had landed on the paint and contained enough energy to set fire to the paint and cause the fire. Though he is not completely wrong, individualisedly it is not a well-enough explanation to what happened and how it happened. Bain had preformed television demonstrations on his theory, but he had flaws in his experiments.For instance, he showed a continuous flame one the strip on t he Hindenburg model and his research shows that he concluded it to be an instant spark. On another count, he used a small piece of the actual skin cover in the dope and he set it on fire and showed its burn time, if these were correct tests he should have allowed reaction time, set fire in relative area of the original fire, the tail area not its mid section, and did not consider the dampness of the dope paint at the altitude it was at. These were also factors going against whether or not the Mythbusters had correctly called their test on Bains theory a bust.In the television series Mythbusters, Adam and Jamie gather myths that have been sent in by their viewers, myths that are not able to be determined busted on a day-to-day basis, and they safely determine if the myth is true and factual or is it a rumor and a hoax. Mythbusters determined that the theory proposed by Addison Bain was a bust. They built three models of the Hindenburg on a 1/fiftieth scale and conducted three differe nt experiments. One Hindenburg was painted with the dope and filled with air. The second was just the hydrogen within with a regular skin without the dope compound.The third consisted of both the dope skin and the hydrogen filling. They determined that the hydrogen was the real cal prate of the Hindenburg fire. Considering the way they tested the experiments, it is very arguable to say that they did not correctly perform their experiments. For instance they did not set fire at the tail end of the dirigible. They also set a direct flame and not an initial spark to the paint. In addition, when they set fire to a small portion of the skin covered in dope they did not allow a reaction time. Reminder that witnesses said they saw an orange-red flame at the tail end of the dirigible. ) While examining the mystery of the Hindenburg, you will notice that at 720 the crowd has noticed a slight spark at the tail end and at 723 the airship has started to come down in flames. It took approximatel y 24 seconds for the Hindenburg to burn from tail to nose. The Mythbuster gangs Hindenburg models took times that consist of 1 minute and 37 seconds, 57 second, and 52 seconds. In effect to declare this busted, one must allow for every possible variable that could have been presented on May 6th in New Jersey.Other factors that could pose a problem against the Mythbusters are considerations that any man can conjure up and present. For example, the experiment was conducted inside and on the day on the disaster there was a high wind issue. In order for fire to burn rapidly it has to have a large supply of oxygen. The atmosphere consists of nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, oxygen is most of that. another(prenominal) problem could have been that the Hindenburg had gasbags filled with hydrogen and the Mythbusters generally filled the down-scale model with hydrogen, not separating the dope paint skin and the hydrogen contact.If the skin would have been direct lying on the hydrogen in the Hindenburg, it would have taken far less time to burn or might have actually blow up. Another myth that has spread widely is that the Hindenburg was painted with pure roquette fuel. As stated previously, the dope consisted of aluminum powder and cellulose acetate butyrate. Though it contains rocket fuel ingredients it is not painted fully and only rocket fuel. It is also and ingredient in thermite incendiary, which explains why scientist concluded the Hindenburg fire to be a thermite reaction. Fe2O3+2Al ? Al2O3+2Fe) is the chemical equation for a thermite reaction. A thermite reaction is an exothermic reaction. Meaning when its compounds react with one another they put off heat instead of absorbing energy, or an endothermic reaction. Also, when you burn metals together they tend to have a orange or red flame the Hindenburg burnt orange-red) Aluminum powder was in provide in the dope compound. This byproduct is mostly found in the contents of rocket fuel or rocket propellants.It is often mistakenly said that the Hindenburg was painted with rocket fuel but this conclusion is only partially correct. The aluminum powder itself, if extremely fine, can form flammable and explosive mixtures in the air. Basically, the Hindenburg was not painted with rocket fuel. The next suggestion is that the Mythbusters did not allow for weather conditions to be taken into consideration. On May 6th, 1937, it was told to be raining which is a reason the Hindenburg did not land at it designated time. It was delayed over the Atlantic for several hours.Some scientist have asked, if it had been a spark that ignited the paint then it would have had to retort enough energy to first evaporate dew off of skin and then still possess enough energy to ignite the dope on the skin. at one time again, the skin was made of aluminum powder and cellulose acetate butyrate. CAB contains low moisture absorption. It effectively resists weathering and ultra-violet radiation. Though it is not effecti ve against alcohol, alkalis, paint removers, and acetones. Since the compound contained aluminum powder, an alkaline metal, could this have over powered it so the dope paint absorbed a small amount of water?It could have, but only if the aluminum powder was in a ration of 50 to 1. It might have been wiser for the German makers to obtain helium rather that hydrogen. Helium does not burn. It is a monatomic gas, or having replaced one atom. Since helium already contains 8 electrons it is a noble gas. This property makes it highly un-reactive because it is already considered to be happy with its eight electrons in its satellite most shell. The problem with using hydrogen in the Hindenburg is that it only contains one valence electron which can cause it to highly reactive to almost any element it comes into contact with.The wiser decision for the makers of the Hindenburg would have been to use the less reactive helium instead of the highly reactive hydrogen. In conclusion, I believe the hydrogen is not the cause of the Hindenburg disaster. Though it is a major factor with its rapid fire spread it is not the main cause. In my opinion, the cause is that a small lighting bolt had hit where the body and the tail fin connected. Where the covering of the body tries to match that of the tail fin. This makes sense because the tail fins were coated with a transport coating of the dope paint. This is the location the hydrogen is being released.A spark hit the paint at this specific spot causing the paint to ignite and causing a chain reaction with the paint and the hydrogen. If hydrogen was being released at a specific temperature and a specific pressure around the area of ignition, it may have caused the explosion on the Hindenburg. When hydrogen comes in contact with a flame the hydrogen extinguishes the flame, but when a combination of hydrogen along with air (oxygen) are presented with a flame, the hydrogen will persist to terminate the flame but then the air with rei gnite it. This is because a fire cannot burn without the front line of oxygen.Additionally, a hydrogen reaction (2H+O2? 2H2O) is an exothermic reaction, the same as the thermite within the dope paint. With the hydrogen putting of heat when it reacted and the thermite releasing heat as it reacted it caused the temperature of the skin to increase to an immeasurable heat. This most likely caused the aluminum powder within the dope to become a lose particle in the air. Another point that may have added to the release of the aluminum powder could be the Hindenburg had been hit before by lightning bolts and caused small burn holes on the top half of the Hindenburg and caused no fire.Analyzing that the statement before is true, there may have been a chance that the aluminum powder from the dope paint could have escaped where the lightning bolt had struck. and so it caused a reaction between the oxygen in the air and the aluminum powder. Furthermore my conclusion is the hydrogen is not th e initial cause of the fire but the dope paint itself. Again this is my opinion and you, as the reader, are free to interoperate the data and conclude to your own opinion because to interoperate the true cause of the Hindenburg is a personal preference one must do on ones own.

Barilla & Harvard Business School.

Nowadays, manufacturing and services firms face growing challenges to increase profit margins amidst increasingly fiercer competition. infra such circumstances, industry analysts and write out orbit experts suggest producers and service providers to promote more effective bring home the bacon and demand planning, centering, and execution as the means to unlocking significant gains in margins. By definition, Search CIO (2007) defines SCM as the management of entropy, materials, and finances along a compass of process from suppliers to manufacturers and then from manufacturers to customers.The interests in the discussion of supply chain management occur since it relates to costs reduction in all aspects of business process especially regarding the stemma reduction that suggests manufacturer produce goods when needed. The situation highlights that supply chain management will enhance mavin time (time-to-market) of particular products, thus enabling all parties within an organi zation to manage their resources more effectively. Concerning the issue, this authorship will describe supply chain management issue in samphire spA, an Italian manufacturer that sells their products to its retailers mainly via third-party distributors.The competition in the market has caused unfavorable situation for Barilla during late 1980s when the association faced unpredictable demands from its distributors. 2. What be the reasons for the increase in variability in Barillas supply chain? Barilla maintains separate supply chain because the phoner has two general products fresh and teetotal products, which required special treatment. In this situation, fresh products is mainly purchased from the two central distribution centers (CDCs) by item-by-item agents who further channeled the products into 70 regional warehouses across Italy.Meanwhile, about two third of dry products are exchange at supermarkets. Figure 1 explains the supply chain systems for Barilla. 3. How can B arilla cope with the increase in variability? In order to succeed the distribution system, Barilla is known to practice the replenishment strategy, which describes an symmetry between Barilla and their supplier to share the data about frequency and inventory levels to match Barilla demands (About. com, 2008).By delivering the products under the agreement with suppliers, Barilla is able to support their Just in time (JIT) distribution system, which is considered to be the optimum strategy to accomplish the companys mission of having increased customers satisfaction. 4. What is the impact of transferring demand information across the supply chain? By sharing information between Barilla and their suppliers, there are positive impacts since the combination of JIT and replenishment strategy supports the demand fluctuations, reduced inventory level at warehouse, diminish stock-out levels etc.5. Can the Vendor Managed Inventory strategy solve the operational problems faced by Barilla? In Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) strategy, the suppliers have greater responsibility over the supply since they are required to root the delivery frequency and inventory levels in order to maintain the agreed stock levels in warehouses. In addition, the practice of this system also helps Barilla to track out-of-stocks and other performance data, previous years sales history and trends.Therefore, the practice of Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) has solved the operational problems at Barilla. 6. How can the supply chain meet conflicting goals of different partners and facilities? In order to avoid the conflict between different partners and suppliers of Barilla, the company must ensure that the implementation of Just in Time system will help the alimony of satisfaction in services, inventory levels, and stock-out levels and others in which each supplier has taken part of the system.In addition, Barilla must also ensure that within implementation steps, the use of EDI to deliver the i nventory information is the same among suppliers so the reliability can be secured and the compatibility level can be reached. Reference About. com. (2008). Reduce Inventory with these 3 Supplier Partnership Strategies. Retrieved September 7, 2008 from http//logistics. about. com/od/inventoryoptimization/a/supplier_partnr. htm Hammond, Janice H. (2008). Barilla SpA (A). Harvard Business School.OBrien, Kevin and Brian Springman. (2004). Optimizing Supply Chains, sagacity Demands. Retrieved September 7, 2008 from http//www. crmbuyer. com/story/35892. html Search CIO. (2007). Supply Chain Management. Retrieved September 7, 2008 from http//searchcio. techtarget. com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci214546,00. html YAO Kao-hua, LIU Chang-chuan. (2006). An Integrated entree for Measuring Supply Chain Performance. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing. Vol. 2, No. 10

Inherent Risk Essay

i) expanded into a national manufacturer of tall technology sustainable energy products brings with it a range of uncertainties, including compliance requirements and logistical problems increased potential for misstatement out-of-pocket to the judgements required requiring more judgement such as research and development (valuation), intangible assets (valuation), inventory (valuation) and attribute plant and equipment (valuation).ii) assets include intellectual property rights potential for misstatement when valuing advanced technology and intangible assets because of their nature reason property rights (valuation).iii) Nature of the clients business a high technology industry extremely susceptible to change in technology makes valuation of inventory and property plant and equipment more tall(prenominal) misstatements Inventory (valuation) intangible assets (e.g. intellectual property rights) (valuation) property plant and equipment (valuation).iv) new management team, no ens ure in the high technology industries difficult to exercise appropriate judgement misstatement Sales (occurrence) accounts receivable/ preparedness for doubtful debts (valuation)inventory (valuation) intellectual property rights (valuation).v) Management remuneration is based on bonuses paid on reported profit engage in earnings management. For example, sales may be recognised preliminary than they should, or cookings, such as for doubtful debts, may be underestimated Sales (occurrence/cut off) accounts receivable/ provision for doubtful debts (valuation) research and development (valuation)vi) New information system Risk of losing data in changeover. Also, supply will not be familiar with the new system, therefore susceptible to more errors Any operative account when changing over to the new system. Completeness due to loss of data occurrence due to retroflex inputting accuracy due to human error.ANSWER Internal control weakness Internal control improvements separate depar tments can raise requisitions for goods and function without proper authorisation. Pre-numbered requisitions orders should be raised and signed by authorised personnel. Requisitioning countenance should be related to authority and function. A signed requisition order is necessary before face lifting purchase orders. Purchase orders are unnumbered and unaccounted for. Pre-numbered purchase orders should be signed by an authorised get department staff member and a copy forward to the requisitioner, goods receiving and accounts departments. Pre-numbered purchase orders should ensure completeness. Purchasing dept obtains goods and services as soon as the requisition is received. Orders should be placed with approved suppliers on the best legal injury and quality. dope purchase orders are accessible to all purchasing staff and open to theft and misappropriation. Blank purchase orders should be kept in a secure place to avoid misuse and should be accounted for that is, checke d for sequential continuity.

Marketing – Positioning a New Product

Marketing Positioning a Radically New Product ForceX, Inc. has plans to create a new Situational Aw atomic number 18ness (SA) overlap that is fair gameed towards Federal, State, and Local Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA). This new production is a clear termination from the normal Mission Execution products that ForceX, Inc. has developed in the past.Mission Execution parcel program applications normally encompass Intelligence, Surveillance, and reconnaissance mission (ISR) and Tar pick up Tracking and Locating (TTL) softw atomic number 18 products that take mission planning data and provide the operators with the usable capabilities to role the planning data in the execution of their assigned mission(s). ForceX, Inc. is attempting to diversify its customer base by moving into this market fix as well as achieving their strategic vision of becoming the targeter in providing SA software suffices. Target MarketThe target market for this product in Federal, State, and Local LEA that conduct fate response operations in support policing actions or natural disasters. The customers in this market clear ISR and TTL software and equipment provided by other v interceptors. In all cases the software applications provided by competitors fall into but wholeness of the ii categories. None of the vendors in this market provide a solution that combines the two tactical operations of ISR and TTL into one application that provides a situational awareness for operators conducting both ground and airborne operations.The total draft enables truth enforcement effect to conduct all of their tactical operations from a single common picture. It is imperative for law enforcement force play to open a clear understanding of the situation as they develop their tactics for neutralizing the situation. impertinent the De representativement of Defense ( defensive structure), LEA have a more stringent set of rules for the use of pestilential force during violent situatio ns, to prevent collateral damage and electromotive force lawsuits. The more deposeation that is disseminated to the owest levels of operational personnel the break dance that chance of mission victor with minimum or no collateral damage. This new product alleviates the need for two separate applications and combines the ISR and TTL operations into one software package that depart reduce costs. court reduction will be experienced in several areas such as software, training, documentation, etc. It will as well enable the operators to happyly complete their missions. LEA have limited budgets and resources and ForceX, Inc. an position the new product at a cost far less than the competitors product offerings while take play the two highest requirements with one software application. Competition An analysis of the competition in the market shows that the competitors are vient of filling the airborne ISR requirements of the law enforcement market. Their technology is up to da te and in some cases is cutting edge. However, on that point is a distinct lack of the capability to provide and distribute a situational awareness common picture to all elements participating in the operation.Competition in this market is fierce and true users will be elusive pressed to change to ForceX, Inc. s application unless the cost is low and the functional capabilities are high. in that location are no competitors in the market that serve both the defending team and LEA. All of the competitors only provide ISR applications and virtually do not distribute the data to ground users. ForceX, Inc. s product provides a single software application that part withs the ISR platform to distribute real- time situational awareness data any and all elements of the operation existence conducted. Positioning Strategy ForceX, Inc. s not the first product to be offered in this market and consequently would be filmed a market follower or a market challenger. It would not be in the fraternitys best interest to go head-to-head for market leadership. ForceX, Inc. will do better by using a dodge that exploits the weaknesses of those currently in the market. Using its reputation in the DoD market the company force out create an figure that portrays the superior attributes of its software application and how the software has been beleaguer tested and combat proven. None of the other competitors in this market can make this claim.The Role of affectionate Media Using accessible media for ForceX, Inc. would not be a viable solution based on its current customer base of DoD and Department of Homeland Security users. ForceX, Inc. s customers and their associated tactical operations are in some cases Top Secret and nurture locationed on tender media sites would have to be scrutinized by the ForceX, Inc. s Security Officer to come across that no classified information is being posted. The use of brotherly media sites are discour patriarchal by the Defense Secur ity Service for individuals possessing a security clearance.It is their quarrel that what seems to be harmless data bunsd on a brotherly media sites can be self-collected and piece together to gain sensitive or classified information. This same axiom holds true for familiaritys and its employees. There is another aspect of well-disposed Media that ForceX, Inc. can take advantage of and that is attracting new talent to come to snuff it at ForceX, Inc. The kindly media that does this best is LinkedIn because of its link to professionals of all categories and all levels of ability. ForceX, Inc. needs to take advantage of this sheath of amicable media to post jobs, attract new talent, and have their bulls eye.However, when ForceX, Inc. decides to launch its commercialized product line social media would definitely provide their commercial products with the exposure they need to be successful. If ForceX, Inc. decides to use social media as part of their trade strategy, we w ould recommend that they either hire a professional to be on staff or entrust their social media endeavors to a consulting firm that is an expert in the field of social media trade. Social media is a sexual congressly new tool in a companys marketing tool thorax and is quickly becoming a very important part of a companys strategy for create its client base.Prior to social media traditional meshsites were the mainstay for digital marketing efforts. Social media was designed appendix traditional websites not replace them. It is a low cost robust and responsive means to market to customers. To gain a better prospective of the role social media is playing in the market place consider the following facts extracted from 2012 Social Media Marketing Industry Report * 94% of all businesses with a marketing department used social media as part of their marketing platform. * Almost 60% of marketers are devoting the equal of a full work day to social media marketing development and main tenance. * 43% of people aged 20-29 spend more than 10 hours a week on social media sites. * 85% of all businesses that have a dedicated social media platform as part of their marketing strategy reported an amplification in their market exposure. * 58% of businesses that have used social media marketing for over 3 age reported an cast up in sales over that period. It stands to reason that companies can no longer stay off not have a presence in the social media realm.There are a myriad of social networking sites but our research has determined that there are four top sites that a company should consider developing a presence in, if they choose to market in this realm * Facebook the strategy in this social media would be to create a pageboy for the great deal. Some experts consider this as an interactive yellow pages lean, which Facebook users can follow. On this page the corporation can outline the products and dish outs the corporation offers, post deals on their produc ts and operate, launch new products and services, and build the corporations brand. Twitter the strategy in this social media would be to use the 140 character tweets to market the corporations products, product and services news releases, inform followers of special product and services offers, and notify followers of new site content. Twitter also provides users with the ability to search for information on a particular topic using hashtags. Hashtags allow the corporation to direct fellow tweeters to specific concepts or information in their business tweets. Google+ the strategy in this social media would be to use the Promote option that allows corporations to create different groupings of followers that can be separately marketed to differently. The corporation should also take advantage of the Measure feature that allows the corporation to keep track of how their Google+ page is being used. * LinkedIn ForceX, Inc. s strategy in this social media would be to develop a netw ork of professionals and build brand awareness. LinkedIn allows you to establish your company representatives as industry experts and to connect with prospects, vendor partners, and peers.LinkedIn also provides companies with the ability to post jobs and search for talent. Marketing is an instrument corporations can use to inform consumers about their products and services, who ForceX, Inc. is, and what they offer. Social media accomplishes this for ForceX, Inc. as follows * Social media can provide an identity to who the company is and the products or services that they offer. * Corporations can create relationships using social media with people who might not otherwise know about the companys products or service or what the company represents. Social media makes the corporation real to consumers. If the company wants people to follow them, they must insure that they dont just talk about the latest product news, but share the companys genius with them. * The company can use socia l media to associate themselves with their peers, that may be serving the same target market. * The company can use social media to communicate and provide the interaction that consumers enumerate for. It is apparent from marketing studies that marketing through social media works but it must be done correctly to be efficient and effective.It is imperative that before ForceX, Inc. decides to launch a marketing strategy in social media their counseling must consider the following guidelines. * ForceX, Inc. cannot depend on social media cannot be your sole marketing tool. To work ForceX, Inc. must integrate it with other vehicles of marketing. While social media will create awareness, it will take time to build up a following. Building a following is a major key to success in marketing through social media, but it doesnt happen overnight. * Success in social media is directly dependent upon how ForceX, Inc. reflects its personality.There are no written right or wrong rules when it c omes to social media, only the ForceX, Inc. s management can determine what will work for them. * Be consistent, if ForceX, Inc. cant be consistent dont do it at all it would be a waste of the corporations resources. * Social media must be a part of the ForceX, Inc. s everyday life to curb momentum and attention. Internet Marketing ForceX, Inc. must take extreme care with the information that is placed on their website. As previously stated with social media, there is a risk associated with the information placed anyplace on the Internet.Sensitive information can be derived from pulling pieces of data from what would appear to be unconnected sites and putting it together to form information that could be detrimental to our national security. Information regarding products being developed for the DoD and DHS should be scrubbed by their Facility Security Officer (FSO) to insure that marketing information doesnt contain any data that would violate the procedures outlined in the Nati onal Industrial Security computer programme Operational Manual (NISPOM).However, there is a need for Internet marketing for launching their new commercial product called Widow that is targeted for LEA. In this section we will address the goods that ForceX, Inc. would gain from an Internet marketing tally for products and services as well as and the best approach for them to achieve their internet marketing goals. The perfect component of Internet marketing is as one would suspect a company website that contains all of the information a customer would need to determine if ForceX, Inc. s products and services meet their needs. The key benefit for ForceX, Inc. ould be to promote their business and to support their stigmatization efforts. Although ForceX, Inc. does not derive sales from their website is important that they use this to media to increase awareness to the products and services that ForceX, Inc. develops. ForceX, Inc. currently has a website that contains all the infor mation that ForceX, Inc. wants its potential customers to know from what company it is, the products and services it provides, descriptions of items being marketed, reviews by experts and customers, business partners, job postings, the companys history, and other pertinent information.ForceX, Inc. does not have a formal marketing department and currently doesnt have the resources necessary to support a department that does marketing only. So, in order for ForceX, Inc. to maintain their position in the market place and to compete with competitors that do have a marketing arm. Internet marketing provides ForceX, Inc. with a low cost solution to offset their competitors efforts to gain a bigger share of the market. This is a great benefit when they are trying to compete with bigger companies that have unlimited resources.Internet marketing is all about perceptions and the image that the website portrays can give the perception that ForceX, Inc. is bigger and better than its competitors good website design is the key here. There is also a huge benefit that comes from the customers that can be reached and the convenience of potential customers to research ForceX, Inc. whenever its favorable for them. The Internet provides access to new customers that ForceX, Inc. may not know that they exist, a good example would be a project engineer or program manger looking for a solution to their problems. A dress circle of ForceX, Inc. s leads come from personnel who are working with existing customers that have the same requirements or a slight variation of what they may need. Internet marketing allows these potential customers to be anywhere in the world and still have access to ForceX, Inc. s website. The Internet provides ForceX, Inc. With the ability to proliferate their products and services online, ForceX, Inc. can reach a wide variety of customers quickly and easily. The benefits of Internet Marketing to ForceX, Inc. may not be as great as they are to retail compani es but we believe that ForceX, Inc. would greatly benefit from a good online campaign.In order to optimize their resources and get the biggest bang for their buck, we would suggest that ForceX, use the following guidelines in developing a strategy for their online presence. Having a website is not enough though since internet marketing needs effective, innovative, and up to date approaches in order to generate interest and new customers for the business. There are a lot of websites that are in existence today which directly compete for the same customers as ForceX, Inc. Most of the potential customers are more than likely to use a search engine to find information relative to a problem they are trying to solve.This is where the importance of search engine enters. In order to employ an effective and successful web marketing strategy, ForceX, Inc. will need the services of search engine marketing experts who can design the right strategies and solutions specific to their business. T his is an essential and cost-effective step in order to absorb the maximum benefit that the web can offer. The next thing we would suggest ForceX, Inc. implement is a campaign to publish articles or get listed in news stories or write and publish online press releases that get them a larger online presence.This is essential for insuring that the search engines will pick up their site because of the increased web presence. Getting ranked at the top of the leading search engines can be accomplished by using good search optimization techniques, this is the key to getting noticed online. Branding ForceX, Inc. logo ForceX, Inc. Logo The foundation of ForceX, Inc. s brand is their logo. Their website, packaging and promotional materials have their logo integrated which has effectively communicated their brand. ForceX, Inc. derived its corporate name from the military terminology Force Multiplier.A force multiplier is a capability that, when added to and engaged by a combat force, signi ficantly increases the combat potential of that force and thus enhances the probability of successful mission accomplishment. Instead of naming the corporation the Force Multiplier, the owner used the X at the end of Force to indicate the multiplication symbol thus indicating that the corporations use and employment of the latest software technologies was a force multiplier. The owners military roots were in the Special trading operations community where the dagger is a symbol of unconventional warfare as well as fearlessness and daring in combat.The dagger symbology was used to form the X in ForceX, and the daggers where placed behind the clump to indicate the companys commitment to fork over their services wherever our fighting forces are deployed and to go forward the companys heritage which stems from the Special operations community. Anyone who has ever served in a Special Operations unit recognizes what the daggers symbolizes in ForceXs logo and can immediately identify wi th what the company stands for. The crosshairs on the clod symbolize the pinpoint accuracy that their software applications deliver to their customers.The ForceX, Inc. logo has been recognized as the companys promise to its customers to enhance their probability of successful mission accomplishment no matter where they are in the world. There are many ways that ForceX, Inc. could benefit from a branding strategy. Consistent, strategic branding would lead to a strong brand equity, which means the added value brought to ForceX, Inc. s products and services that allows them to charge more for their brand than what identical, unbranded/weak branded products command.The added value intrinsic to brand equity frequently comes in the form of perceived quality or emotional accompaniment. For example, ForceX, Inc. associates its products with Special Operations Forces hoping customers will transfer their emotional attachment from the Special Operations Forces to the product. For ForceX, Inc . its not just the software applications features that sell the software application. ForceX, Inc. relies to a great extent on the customers willingness to pay a license fee for their core software modules. emancipation sales are pure profit and are vital to continuing to pursue internalResearch and Development efforts that allow them to remain competitive in the market. Building and maintaining brand equity allows ForceX, Inc. to charge a premium bell for their licensable core software algorithms and insuring the customers are willing to pay this premium. We have done an analysis of the ForceX, Inc. s branding efforts and we recommend the following steps to enable them to maximize their efforts. * ForceX, Inc. has a great logo and we would have them place it on all media, both internal and external to ForceX, Inc. such as pamphlets, marketing material, written communications, etc. * Develop brand messaging. What are the key messages they want to communicate about their brand? Ev ery employee should be aware of the companys brand attributes. * Integrate their brand. Branding extends to every aspect of their business how they answer their phones, what employees and management personnel wear during meetings and other interactions with customers, employee e-mail signatures. * They need to create a voice for their company that reflects their brand.This voice should be applied to all written communication and incorporated in the visual imagery of all materials, on-line and off. * Develop a tagline. Write a memorable, meaningful and concise statement that captures the shopping center of their brand. * Design templates and create brand standards for their marketing and promotional materials. Use the same color scheme, logo placement, and look and feel throughout be consistent. * Be true to their brand. Customers wont return to them or refer them to someone else if they dont deliver on their brand promise. * Be consistent. Be consistent. Be consistent.

Predicting Performance

Mix between current manner and cognition test. Evaluate Alternatives 1. Intelligence tests. If Intelligence tests are phthisisd by corporations to screen Job appli buttocksts, colleges could use the same methodology. Also this get out give a future opportunity for the students after graduation, to be known with this kind of test. Also corporations looking new employees go away be confident that the graduated students have already passed the intelligence test, so they can give priority for students graduated from New England College.In addition the New England College, found on this alternative, could do agreement with potential recruiters, to give priority for student graduated from the college as they can ensure their Intelligence level. This will give an advantage to overcome any possibility of discrimination and to be more fair for poor and minorities, as it will be based on real paygrade for intelligence level for students. 2. Keep existing selection criteria. As Alex ha s no prior experience in college admissions, and in the same time she didnt eave enough time to quest all data and verify It by real study.All her reservations about using sit scores based on concerns, the only evidence Is that coaching improves the SAT score. So keeping the current selection criteria will overcome the risk of failure in case of any change in the process of selection, also as the people who design the SAT argue forcefully that these test scores are valid predictors of how well a person will do in college. But Alex could gain time during keeping the current selection process to collect and analysis data before thinking about other alternative o challenge this argue. . flux between current method and Intelligence test. As SAT Is only three sections Mathematics, Critical Reading, and Writing. It Is preferable also to measure the intelligence of the students. For this its required to redistribute the scoring as per the below. High school grades (20 %) pedant Aptitu de Test (SAT) scores (30 %) Intelligence tests scores (30 %) Extra-curricular activities and achievements (10 %) And the quality and creativity of a written fore submitted with the applicationThis alternative will make the selection criteria based on measuring the mathematics critical class period and writing in addition to the proper intelligence level, and avoid discrimination for poor and minorities. Taking into identify the students character and their ability to manage activities and have achievement, and their ability to express their writing capabilities and creativity. Also this alternative will have the advantages of first alternative. Recommendations To use the third alternative by having mix between current methods and intelligence test.

Basic concepts of psychodynamic psychotherapy

In the es secern, Basic models of psychodynamic mental hygiene I puddle delved cryptic into the concept psychodynamic psychotherapists. Who ar they? What is their role and how they dish step forward emotion each(prenominal)y disturbed patients. Freud was the first to formulate the concept psychodynamic evacuants and then with the passage of time, legion(predicate) types of therapies turn over been conceived.It is based on the simple concept that we all are emotionally related to each other and these emotions may from time to time create disturbances in our daily lives, which we are unable to find come forth.Therapists help us to find these capers and give the solutions. But there are certain problems too in the discussion march in the various concepts of Psychodynamic psychotherapy. These problems can evolve due to transferee, counter-transference, defense and justification. All in all, this essay will be beneficial for all the nation concerned and students of p sychotherapy. Introduction Psychodynamic psychotherapy involves patients to understand their emotional turmoil and effectively deals with them.It is a therapy provided to the young adults to help them deal with the emotional problems arising out of the depression and anxiety braced due to the relationship problems either with family, peers, friends, or professors. It is a method of verbal communication enabling patients to crush relief from emotional pains. People go for psychodynamic psychotherapy for number of reasons uniform prolonged sadness, anxiety, knowledgeable frustration, physical symptoms without any basis, continuous feelings of isolation and l unmatchedliness, and an ardent zest to achieve more success in work and love.People ask for therapist, as they cannot solve the resolution in the time of their difficulties in their own way. The roots of the concepts psychodynamic psychotherapy had arisen out of the theories and techniques of psycho digest. As said by Nancy M cWilliams, psychoanalytical therapists, including psychoanalysis, are approaches to constituent people that derive ultimately from the ideas of Sigmund Freud and his collaborators and his followers. (McWilliams, 2004, p. 1)The overall theme of the psychodynamic approach of helping people is based on the simpler premises that the more we are honest with ourselves, the more we collapse chances of aliment a relegate, satisfied and useful life. Psychoanalytical and clinical writing espouses from within our unconscious(p) level those aspects that we have not realized or are not evident and if we are aware of these disavowed aspects, we will take up relief from emotional pain and also from the time and energy spent to keep ourselves at unconscious level.Michael Guy Thompson and the inheritors of Rieff argued that psychoanalysis as a field has adorned an ethic of honesty as a means to achieve therapeutic goals. Thomas Szasz in 2003 defined psychoanalysis as a incorrupt dialogue, not a medical intercession. (McWilliams, 2004, p. 2) Since decades therapists have soulfulnessified themselves as most honest in their personal analysis with the patients and also fostering the achievements as a result of the same. (McWilliams, 2004) There are differences in the goals of therapy depending on the methods of intercession that could be either expressive or supportive.Expressive therapy enables the patients to relieve themselves from symptoms through the development of awareness of feelings and thoughts. The therapy is based on the concept that difficulties, which are experienced by the adults have their emergence in childhood children neither bear the competency of making suitable choices for themselves nor they have an independence to follow the same and the methods that are developed in the childhood are no longer effective during adulthood.With counselling, adults enamour to know the ineffective ways they had been adopting and straightaways ways of adoption t o come out of the various problems and hurdles. Another is supportive therapy, more applicable to give patient immediate relief. Therapist adopts this approach with the previous level of functioning of a person and helps him to strengthen the ways already been adopted by him. While many patients can get benefited from one treatment unless in some(prenominal) cases, other therapies may also be involved manage family therapy, couple therapy, or group therapy, which could be separately given and also in combination.Concepts of Psychodynamic psychotherapy Psychodynamic psychotherapy provides a unique model for the mental functioning involving five key concepts, and these are Unconscious surgeryes in the mental level Transference Counter-transference falsifying and resistance and the other(prenominal) restate itself in the present. (Yager, Mellman & Rubin, 2005, p. 340) 1. Unconscious processes in the mental level Unconscious is an adjectival description of areas of mental exper ience not available to usual awareness. (McGrath & Margison, 2000) It is the part of the mental process intimately which we are not aware of.There could be assorted levels of unconscious mental activity including our inability to realize what is going on in our intellectual and secondly partial awareness. Most of the Freuds writings were based on this unconscious level of header, which is a source that contained dynamically repressed contents that were kept out of awareness because they created conflict. (Gabbard, 2004, p. 3) Freuds earlier attempts were his efforts to bring out to surface the unconscious part of our mind for easily identifying the problem and understanding it in a better way.Freud formulated what is known as the topographical model and the structural model. The topographical model describes the parts of the mind that functions at various levels of consciousness and creates awareness of the same. It reveals and studies the quality that is playing its part in the mental processes sort of than function it is playing. On the other hand is the structural model, which delves into the three important parts of the personality i. e.id, s sanitaryed head and superego and they perform motivational, interactive and executive functions. In the structural model, ego is shown as different from aggressive and sexual drives. Freud explains that, The conscious part of the ego involves that part of the mind, which performs the function of decision making, integration of perceptual data, and the mental computing whereas the unconscious part of the ego involves defense mechanisms that are designed to counteract the power instinctual derives harbored in the id. (Gabbard, 2004, p.4) sex and aggression are drives requiring deep level defensive efforts from the ego to pr heretoforet them from becoming intrusive to the persons functioning. According to Freud, unconsciousness continues to create an influence on our behavior veritable(a) though we are unawar e or so it. For e. g. during one of the clinical trials, I studied the patients problem on his communication process. I assumed that the patients verbal and nonverbal communication to us was unconsciously organized, and consciously as well as unconsciously had certain meaning.This meant from his speech and non-verbal behavior, I had to find out the central conflict patient was undergoing through unwillingly organized thoughts, feelings and behaviors in his relation to the persons he was concerned. When I bear in minded to the patient, certain portion of this conflicting tendency in his mental power was quite visible. This could be in the form of phrases, images, nonverbal behaviors etc. These signs help in interpreting the root cause of the problem. After the radical investigation of the verbal phrase, I interpreted that his focal conflict was related to his phallic competitive wishes.But it was not clear whether his phallic conflicts were regressive arising from his struggle or he went to an finale of powerful regression towards the sadistic tendency. In other words, it was not clear that his difficulty with phallic competitive feelings toward males had arisen from his feeling of jealousy or sounding at them as rivals or his anxiety had arisen due to the sad feelings and his impulses. But one occasion that I found was he practically matt-up very anxious and lots had a expectant feeling of anxiety over the affects and that could be created on his impulses by the people he thinks to be rivals.Psychotherapeutic acts like a friend, and as said by must act like a therapeutic remoteness or therapeutic neutrality never treating with any personal desires yet always maintaining the relationship with the patient focusing on the treatment process. 2. Transference Second concept is transference, involving the relationship client feels towards his psychotherapist. It is very subjective for the client to experience the feeling of transference, also known as the transference reactions. These feelings are no less(prenominal) than in-depth feelings of love or hate.Jacques Lacan, a psychoanalyst explains that this love means having a feeling or assent in the other, in other words, the other person has knowledge you dont have. (Wright, 1998) This intense belief on the part of the client can cause problem that should be solved during the process psychotherapeutic treatment. For e. g. these feelings could be mixed feelings of love and hate that can arise out of the relationship problems with parents and they look at therapist with these mixed feelings. In such a situation, there is a desire to realize that psychotherapist is only trying to reduce these feelings.A patient also begins to feel that the psychotherapist has a personal ability to come out of the sense of inner worthlessness and there can be fondness and even sexual attraction with the psychotherapist. This happens as the therapeutic cure comes from the emotional feeling and removes emotional emptiness. It is said if transference is not handled carefully it can lead to disaster consequence. For e. g. many patients have their lives ruined because psychotherapists play with the patients sexy feelings in a personal way and fail to make the client understand that it is the medical treatment.In many cases transference can also make you frighten putting a stop to the treatment prematurely. For e. g. it was October eighteenth 2000, I had one patient in my clinic that most of the time got into the fits of anxiety and depression. I lovingly asked him several questions and during the process, I found he had an odd problem with his parents. He acknowledged the fact that his parents loved him but at the same time was always had a feeling of insecurity, anger and confusion towards his parents thinking they didnt love him as much as they loved their other children.The first thing about him that came to my mind was he had a craving for love and it was love he needed the most . He was fourteen historic period old boy with smart and innocent boyish look in his face, with black and blonde hair. So my initial step of treatment started by getting emotionally snug to the patient, and I initiated to give the parental care he craved for, understand his differences with his parents and try not to repeat the same mistakes what he felt his parents were doing.Slowly, his signs of depression began to reduce and he felt more relaxed and tension free. My more and more parsimony with him created a situation of transference, as I soon realized he was not able to spend even few minutes of his time without calling me or having a talk with me. He was now looking at me as his saviour and parents. I soon realized this would create a more problem if I leave him, as he could feel sadder and get into more depression. I then called his parents, discussed problem with them and explained them the importance and real meaning of love.Love means not just fulfilling the responsibi lities but also coming close to your child, keeping your hands on his head and saying, I am with you. These are magical words go around than the medicine that can reduce the emotional pains and can trigger the self-confidence and faith in others and oneself. I gave his parents some tips to follow and soon they realized it. This was the beginning of new life for my patient as he felt more relaxed, happy and relieved from all the pains and I tardily and slowly made him realize I was only his doctor and had to go.3. Counter-transference Counter transference is a reverse of the transference. This is depict for the reactions and the emotional and unconscious reactions that can be felt by psychotherapist for his client. If these feelings are taken in person then psychotherapist can get into angry bout, abusive, spiteful, indifferent, or even seductive and if the counter-transference gets very deep and intense, then psychotherapist has to stop the treatment himself and get his patient referred to someone else for clients protection.Counter-transference should be distinguished from the feelings he generated during the process of treatment, because these feeling are used for treatment. At this point we can say that feelings generated by psychotherapists could be good as well as bad as both the tip of the emotional feelings can have adverse effect on both the psychotherapist as well as on the part of patient. With the patient I mentioned above, I also began to feel emotional closeness but I controlled my emotions and with some careful analysis of the situation and adopting the balanced approach I dealt with him.4. Defense and resistance Yet another therapeutic concept needs to be undertaken is defense and resistance. Freud defines resistance as whatever interrupts the progress of analytic work, like getting late, missing a session, or avoiding a extra issue. (Fink, 1997, 230) Simply defense and resistance occurs owing to the fear and fear we have to face and give up from the anger of the victim. In other words, the treatment task is very complex and frightening and there is often the fear of facing the anger of a patient and overcoming an inclination to lie to yourself.Nonetheless Lacan said resistance should be distinguished from defense, and gave the statement that there is no other resistance to analysis than that of the analyst himself. (Fink, 1997, p. 225) For e. g. if the psychotherapist makes version or makes intervention, which seemed to be not proper clinically, the client can be defensive and that can cause interruption in the work of therapists. In other words client will only get into the process of treatment when he himself feels comfortable about. The psychotherapist must feel the awareness of the fact that to what extent of the treatment process client is willing to go.Attempts to forcefully get client deep into the treatment process without getting him emotionally prepared can result in the client getting away from the tre atment itself. In my case during the initial visit of the client, he showed reluctance in the treatment process. He often came late from the time schedule and felt hesitant in disclosing. I assured him the best of my treatment and with great patience and slight conversations slowly yet steadily made him come closer to the treatment process. Then I was comfortable with me and he too was finding comfort in the treatment.5. The past repeating itself in the present In the psychodynamic language, it implies the past experiences of the patient continue to haunt him in the present. This happens with most of the unsafe patients the past horrible experiences of the patients may continue to haunt him in his unconscious level. This may cause resistance on the part of the patient and treatment may suffer. In the clinical words, the transference to the clinician may have a major impact on the treatment, and counter transference may also occur in subsequent time duration.(Gabbard & Allison, 20 06) During the treatment period, practitioners have to face this situation and have to look into the patients past to bring out the root cause of his present situation and formulate this phase also. This process of integration of the past with the present is very painful thing for patients and in severe cases they can get emotionally disturbed, more depressive, anxious and can be aggressive, but nonetheless it is a temporary phase. I still remember she was nineteen years old and had gone into deep depression.When I asked about her past life, she entered into deeper state of depression and got completely silent and saddened and scared. I tried to relive her and promised not to ask about her past. She then slowly recovered herself, came back to normal and then after few days told me about her past. The treatment psychodynamic psychotherapy is all about the treatment of caring and love. In number of upheavals in our life, we need someone who can listen to us and care for us and here ps ychotherapist role starts. They listen to us and strive to give us good hearing and relieve us from emotional pains.But, eventually it is you only who is a healer and psychotherapist is only a guide who can take you on a self-guiding path. . Reference List Busch, F. N. & Milrod,B. L. 2008. Panic-Focused Psychodynamic mental hygiene. Psychiatric Times. 25 (2). Corradi, R. B. (2006). Psychodynamic Psychotherapy A Core Conceptual mildew and Its Application. Journal of American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 3493-116. Fink, B. 1997. A Clinical Introduction to Lacanian Psychoanalysis Theory and proficiency Harvard University Press. Gabard, G. O. & Allison, S. (2006). Psychodynamic Treatment.In Robert I. Simon, Robert E. Hales (Eds. ) The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Suicide Assessment and Management assessing the unpredictable. Arlington, VA American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. , 221-234. Gabbard, G. O. (2004) long-run Psychodynamic Psychotherapy A Basic Text. Arlington, VA American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. McGrath, G. & Margison, F. (2000) An Introduction to Psychodynamic Psychotherapy BASIC PSYCHODYNAMIC CONCEPTS I. Retrieved on kinsfolk 25, 2008 from W. W. W http//www. geocities. com/nwidp/course/basic1. htmMcWilliams, N. (2004) Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy A Practitioners Guide. refreshing York Guilford Press. Shervin, H. , Bond, J. A. & Brakel, L. A. W. 1996. Conscious and Unconscious Processes Psychodynamic, Cognitive, and Neurophysiological Convergences. New York Guilford Press Wright, Elizabeth. 1998. Psychoanalytic Criticism A Reappraisal. London & New York Routledge. Yager,J. Mellman,L. & Rubin, E. 2005. The RRC Mandate for Residency Programs to Demonstrate Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Competency Among Residents A Debate. Academic Psychiatry, 294, p. 339-349.